Remimazolam reduces State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Scale scores in hemorrhoid surgery with spinal-epidural anesthesia: A randomized trial

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the patients. Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) group: CSE anesthesia group. Combined group: Remimazolam-combined CSE anesthesia group. CSE: Combined spinal-epidural.

Figure 2 Comparison of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State scale scores, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate between combined spinal-epidural group and Combined group across time points. A: Shows a violin plot of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State scale; B-D: Line graphs of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate respectively, with data as mean ± SEM. T_S0 was the time upon entry into the operating room. T_S1 was the time prior to leaving the operating room. T_S2 was the 24 hours postoperatively. T1 was the time prior to positioning. T2 was the time at the commencement of surgery. T3 was 10 minutes after the start of the surgical procedure. T4 was the time when patients were discharged from the operating room. Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) group: CSE anesthesia group. Combined group: Remimazolam-combined CSE anesthesia group. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.0001. CSE: Combined spinal-epidural; STAI-S: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State scale.