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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Sep 27, 2025; 17(9): 110034
Published online Sep 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i9.110034
Published online Sep 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i9.110034
Remimazolam reduces State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Scale scores in hemorrhoid surgery with spinal-epidural anesthesia: A randomized trial
Tao Hu, Qian Huang, Lai Wei, Shi Zhong, Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
Tao Hu, Jing Wang, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
Co-corresponding authors: Shi Zhong and Jing Wang.
Author contributions: Zhong S and Wang J were responsible for the study conception and design, data analysis and interpretation and ensuring ethical compliance and methodological rigor. Hu T handled sample collection, analysis, data entry, and outlier screening. Huang Q prepared the blinded medications following strict SOPs. Wei L assisted in data validation, cross-checked with original records, and contributed to statistical analysis. Hu T and Wang J co-drafted the manuscript, with Hu T detailing methods and Wang J integrating literature. They refined figures together. All authors critically reviewed, debated results, and unanimously approved the manuscript for submission.
Supported by the Health Commission of Hunan Province, No. 202204115263; and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University, No. 2024XQLH027.
Institutional review board statement: The Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University approved the study (version 3.0, dated 2022-05-21), No.[2022]-51.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code and dataset available from the corresponding author at 506858@csu.edu.cn. Participants gave informed consent for data sharing.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Jing Wang, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China. 506858@csu.edu.cn
Received: May 28, 2025
Revised: June 30, 2025
Accepted: August 4, 2025
Published online: September 27, 2025
Processing time: 119 Days and 16.8 Hours
Revised: June 30, 2025
Accepted: August 4, 2025
Published online: September 27, 2025
Processing time: 119 Days and 16.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: In procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) surgery, traditional combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia commonly encounters challenges of insufficient intraoperative sedation and hemodynamic fluctuations. This study confirms that a remimazolam-based CSE anesthesia protocol significantly reduces patient anxiety before leaving the operating room and at 24 hours post-operation, while achieving deep sedation and stabilizing systolic blood pressure during critical surgical phases. The rapid onset of remimazolam's sedative effect and its anxiolytic properties offer an optimized approach to perioperative management of CSE anesthesia in PPH surgery.