Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Apr 27, 2026; 18(4): 116801
Published online Apr 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i4.116801
Published online Apr 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i4.116801
Influencing factors for digital subtraction angiography and cone-beam computed tomography guided bead chemoembolization in resistant liver cancer
Jun Liu, Yi Lu, Guo-Wen Yin, Qing-Yu Xu, You Lu, Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: Liu J performed the majority of experiments and wrote the manuscript; Lu Y designed the study and corrected the manuscript; Yin GW was involved in analytical tools; XU QY and Lu Y participated in the collection of the human material. All authors approval the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Cancer Hospital.
Informed consent statement: All patients gave informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset are available from the corresponding author.
Corresponding author: Yi Lu, Department of Interventional Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 42 Baiziting, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, China.
Received: November 25, 2025
Revised: December 24, 2025
Accepted: February 3, 2026
Published online: April 27, 2026
Processing time: 149 Days and 21.8 Hours
Revised: December 24, 2025
Accepted: February 3, 2026
Published online: April 27, 2026
Processing time: 149 Days and 21.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study compared the clinical data of patients with favorable and poor outcomes after digital subtraction angiography-guided drug-eluting bead- transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for TACE-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing therapeutic efficacy and identify predictive indicators. This novel technique has been innovatively evaluated in cases of conventional TACE failure or refractoriness. The results identified lesion diameter, lesion multiplicity, Child-Pugh class, and preoperative alpha-fetoprotein levels as significant factors affecting the efficacy of digital subtraction angiography-guided drug-eluting bead-TACE.