Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Apr 27, 2026; 18(4): 116412
Published online Apr 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i4.116412
Published online Apr 27, 2026. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v18.i4.116412
Navigation value of intraoperative ultrasound combined with indocyanine green fluorescence in complex hepatocellular carcinoma resection
Sheng Zhang, Shao-Ying Li, Bing Zhou, Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China
Author contributions: Zhang S contributed to methodology, original draft preparation; Zhang S and Li SY contributed to data collection, and statistical analysis; Zhang S, Li SY, and Zhou B contributed to manuscript revision; Zhang S and Zhou B contributed to conceptualization; Li SY contributed to data curation; Zhou B contributed to supervision, data interpretation, and study oversight. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Approval No. EC-025-668).
Informed consent statement: This was a retrospective study. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized clinical data.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Bing Zhou, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, No. 88 Jiankang Road, Weihui 453100, Henan Province, China. zhoubing202511@163.com
Received: November 25, 2025
Revised: January 14, 2026
Accepted: February 12, 2026
Published online: April 27, 2026
Processing time: 149 Days and 22.1 Hours
Revised: January 14, 2026
Accepted: February 12, 2026
Published online: April 27, 2026
Processing time: 149 Days and 22.1 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This retrospective study evaluated 200 patients with complex hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radical hepatectomy. Intraoperative ultrasound combined with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging significantly improved tumor localization, increased R0 resection and anatomical hepatectomy rates, reduced intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications, and enhanced long-term survival compared with conventional surgery. The combined navigation approach provides real-time visualization and precise resection guidance, offering a safe, effective, and clinically valuable strategy for precision hepatectomy in complex hepatocellular carcinoma.