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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Surg. Nov 27, 2025; 17(11): 110323
Published online Nov 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.110323
Published online Nov 27, 2025. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v17.i11.110323
Advancements in injection materials for submucosal lifting in endoscopic interventions
Peng-Wei Xu, Zheng-Han Xiao, Miao Yu, Xue-Yan Zhang, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
Author contributions: Xu PW conceptualized the review, conducted the primary literature screening, performed data extraction and analysis, and drafted the manuscript; Xiao ZH and Yu M assisted in literature retrieval and contributed to data collation; Zhang XY supervised the overall study, provided critical revisions to the manuscript, and is responsible for manuscript submission; and all authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xue-Yan Zhang, PhD, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China. zxycxw@sina.com
Received: June 4, 2025
Revised: July 19, 2025
Accepted: September 9, 2025
Published online: November 27, 2025
Processing time: 174 Days and 11.5 Hours
Revised: July 19, 2025
Accepted: September 9, 2025
Published online: November 27, 2025
Processing time: 174 Days and 11.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Submucosal injection cushions are essential adjuncts for achieving safe and effective endoscopic resection. Despite advances in material design - aimed at enhancing lift durability and incorporating biofunctional properties - their clinical translation remains constrained. Key limiting factors include suboptimal injectability, insufficient long-term biocompatibility data, restricted functional versatility, and substantial hurdles in manufacturing scalability, regulatory approval, and reimbursement. This article provides a critical comparison of conventional and next-generation submucosal injection materials, delineates major translational bottlenecks, and proposes integrative strategies to support their clinical implementation.