Endothelial cell-derived exosomes inhibit high glucose-induced osteoblast ferroptosis by activating microRNA-335-3p/prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2

doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.111165

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2026; 17(1): 111165
Published online Jan 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.111165

Table 1 Comparison of clinical data between diabetic osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes patients, mean ± SD

Group	n	Age (years)	BMI (kg/m²)	Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL)	FBG (mmol/L)	HbA1c (%)	MicroRNA335-3p	PTGS2 (ng/mL)
DM	32	56.63 ± 8.42	24.36 ± 1.91	2.29 ± 1.21	9.26 ± 1.78	9.19 ± 1.13	2.86 (2.25, 3.36)	10.52 (8.25, 12.91)
DOP	30	65.40 ± 8.60	21.12 ± 1.52	1.29 ± 0.59	10.75 ± 2.23	10.28 ± 2.28	1.56 (1.03, 2.52)	15.03 (12.66, 16.77)
Z/t		4.06^a	-7.44^a	-4.10^a	2.88^a	2.62^a	-5.072^a	-5.163^a

^aP < 0.05.

DM: Patients with type 2 diabetes; DOP: Patients with type 2 diabetes with osteoporosis; BMI: Body mass index; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; PTGS2: Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2.

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Table 2 Factors affecting diabetic osteoporosis in binary logistic regression analysis

Factors	β	Standard Error	Wald χ²	OR (95%CI)
MicroRNA-335-3p	-2.644	1.274	5.695	0.071 (0.006-0.863)^a
BMI	-0.511	0.256	3.983	0.600 (0.363-0.991)^a
Fasting C-peptide	-1.553	0.770	4.064	0.212 (0.047-0.958)^a

^aP < 0.05.

BMI: Body mass index; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Shao C, Zhang LJ, Song YL, Wang YQ, Zha XJ, Li J, Ye CS, Chen LL, Chen MW, Jin GX. Endothelial cell-derived exosomes inhibit high glucose-induced osteoblast ferroptosis by activating microRNA-335-3p/prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(1): 111165
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i1/111165.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.111165