Comparison of three types of drugs for cardiovascular and renal benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Subgroup analysis

Intervention of studies	Albiglutide	Efpeglenatide	Long-acting Exenatide	Liraglutide	SC Semaglutide	Canagliflozin	Dapagliflozin	Ertugliflozin	Finerenone
Cardiovascular events
Major adverse cardiovascular events	-0.26 (-0.41, -0.11)	-0.30 (-0.54, -0.07)	-	-0.15 (-0.27, -0.04)	-0.33 (-0.58, -0.07)	-0.18 (-0.30, -0.05)	-	0.00 (-0.14, 0.14)	-
All-cause mortality	-0.05 (-0.25, 0.15)	-0.23 (-0.54, 0.08)	-	-0.17 (-0.32, -0.03)	0.03 (-0.33, 0.40)	-0.13 (-0.29, 0.03)	-	-0.08 (-0.24, 0.08)	-
Cardiovascular mortality	-0.07 (-0.32, 0.19)	-0.30 (-0.66, 0.07)	-	-0.25 (-0.43, -0.07)	-0.05 (-0.46, 0.37)	-0.10 (-0.29, 0.09)	-	-0.08 (-0.27, 0.10)	-
Stroke	-0.14 (-0.42, 0.14)	-0.28 (-0.74, 0.18)	-	-0.14 (-0.35, 0.06)	-0.50 (-0.98, -0.01)	-0.20 (-0.42, 0.03)	-	0.06 (-0.20, 0.32)	-
Myocardial infarction	-0.29 (-0.49, -0.10)	-	-0.25 (-0.59, 0.08)	-0.16 (-0.32, 0.00)	-0.32 (-0.70, 0.06)	-0.12 (-0.31, 0.07)	-	0.05 (-0.15, 0.24)	-
Hospitalization for heart failure	-	-	-	-0.13 (-0.32, 0.05)	0.09 (-0.28, 0.47)	-0.47 (-0.72, -0.22)	-	-0.37 (-0.63, -0.10)	-
Renal events
Composite renal events	-	-0.41 (-0.59, -0.23)	-	-0.24 (-0.41, -0.08)	-	-0.50 (-0.75, -0.25)	-	-0.22 (-0.46, 0.03)	-
Progression of proteinuria	-	-0.40 (-0.58, -0.22)	-	-0.30 (-0.51, -0.09)	-	-0.60 (-0.68, -0.52)	-	-	-
End-stage renal disease	-	-	-	-	-	-0.38 (-0.81, 0.05)	-0.52 (-1.06, 0.03)	-	-0.26 (-0.63, 0.10)
Renal replacement therapy	-	-	-	-0.13 (-0.50, 0.23)	-		-	0.15 (-1.20, 1.51)
Sustained decrease in eGFR to < 15 mL/min/1.73 m2	-	-	-	-	-0.19 (-0.48, 0.10)	-0.50 (-0.78, -0.21)	-	-	-0.20 (-0.40, -0.01)

The data in the table are the mean values and 95%CI compared to the placebo. eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Table 2 Meta regression for network meta-analyses

Intervention of studies	OR	95%CI	t	P value
Major adverse cardiovascular events
Comorbidities	1.02	0.96-1.09	0.78	0.45
HbA1c	0.92	0.81-1.03	-1.54	0.15
All-cause mortality
Comorbidities	1.08	0.97-1.21	1.57	0.14
HbA1c	1.03	0.92-1.15	0.59	0.57
Cardiovascular mortality
Comorbidities	1.05	0.96-1.15	1.24	0.23
HbA1c	1.01	0.86-1.18	0.08	0.93
Stroke
Comorbidities	1.00	0.90-1.12	-0.00	1.00
HbA1c	0.91	0.77-1.09	-1.12	0.28
Myocardial infarction
Comorbidities	1.00	0.91-1.08	-0.14	0.89
HbA1c	0.91	0.79-1.04	-1.51	0.16
Hospitalization for heart failure
Comorbidities	1.06	0.94-1.20	1.05	0.31
HbA1c	0.94	0.73-1.21	-0.50	0.62
Composite renal events
Comorbidities	1.12	0.98-1.28	1.80	0.10
HbA1c	0.98	0.79-1.22	-0.22	0.83
Serious adverse events
Comorbidities	1.02	0.97-1.07	0.80	0.43
HbA1c	0.97	0.88-1.06	-0.70	0.49
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Comorbidities	0.93	0.32-2.68	-0.15	0.88
HbA1c	0.70	0.11-4.28	-0.43	0.67
Pancreatitis
Comorbidities	0.94	0.67-1.33	-0.37	0.72
HbA1c	0.62	0.34-1.13	-1.71	0.11
Hypoglycemia
Comorbidities	1.48	0.60-3.67	0.93	0.37
HbA1c	0.76	0.30-1.92	-0.63	0.54
Acute kidney injury
Comorbidities	1.14	0.99-1.31	1.94	0.07
HbA1c	1.07	0.84-1.38	0.62	0.55

HbA1c: Hemoglobin a1c.