Product of C-reactive protein and fasting C-peptide indicates cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study

Figure 1 Prevalence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and cardio-cerebrovascular events stratified by sex, age, and duration of diabetes. A-C: Prevalence of cardiovascular events, cerebrovascular events (CBVEs), and cardio-CBVEs stratified by sex (A), age (B), and duration of diabetes (C). CVEs: Cardiovascular events; CBVEs: Cerebrovascular events; CCBVEs: Cardio-cerebrovascular events; DD: Duration of diabetes.

Figure 2 Levels of C-reactive protein, fasting C-peptide, and the C-reactive protein-fasting C-peptide product stratified by sex, age, and duration of diabetes. A-C: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels stratified by sex (A), age (B), and duration of diabetes (DD; C); D-F: Serum fasting C-peptide (FCP) levels stratified by sex (D), age (E), and DD (F); G-I: CRP-FCP product levels stratified by sex (G), age (H), and DD (I). CRP: C-reactive protein; FCP: Fasting C-peptide; DD: Duration of diabetes.

Figure 3 Comparison of C-reactive protein, fasting C-peptide, and C-reactive protein-fasting C-peptide product levels according to the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and cardio-cerebrovascular event status, and their trends across product quartiles. A-C: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP; A), fasting C-peptide (FCP; B) and CRP-FCP (C) levels in patients with and without cardiovascular events (CVEs), cerebrovascular events (CBVEs), and cardio-CBVEs (CCBVEs); D: Prevalence of CVEs, CBVEs, and CCBVEs stratified by CRP-FCP product quartiles; E and F: Serum CRP (E) and FCP (F) levels stratified by CRP-FCP product quartiles; G: Correlation between serum CRP and FCP levels. CRP: C-reactive protein; FCP: Fasting C-peptide; CVEs: Cardiovascular events; CBVEs: Cerebrovascular events; CCBVEs: Cardio-cerebrovascular events.

Figure 4 Prevalence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and cardio-cerebrovascular events stratified by C-reactive protein and fasting C-peptide levels. A-C: Prevalence of cardiovascular events (CVEs; A), cerebrovascular events (CBVEs; B), and cardio-CBVEs (CCBVEs; C) stratified by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels; D: Serum fasting C-peptide (FCP) levels stratified by serum CRP levels; E-G: Prevalence of CVEs (E), CBVEs (F), and CCBVEs (G) stratified by serum FCP levels; H: Serum CRP levels stratified by serum FCP levels. CRP: C-reactive protein; FCP: Fasting C-peptide; CVEs: Cardiovascular events; CBVEs: Cerebrovascular events; CCBVEs: Cardio-cerebrovascular events.