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World J Diabetes. Apr 15, 2026; 17(4): 117063
Published online Apr 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i4.117063
Published online Apr 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i4.117063
Product of C-reactive protein and fasting C-peptide indicates cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study
Ya-Wen Zhang, Man-Rong Xu, Meng-Han Li, Lian-Xi Li, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
Author contributions: Li LX supervised the study, conceptualized the research, and acquired funding; Zhang YW was responsible for writing the original draft and visualization; Xu MR conducted the investigation and edited the manuscript; Li MH developed the methodology and performed validation; all authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81770813 and No. 82070866; and the National Key Research and Development Plan, No. 2018YFC1314905.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine [Approval No. 2018-KY-018(K)].
Informed consent statement: All patients had signed written informed consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement—checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: All data generated and analyzed in this study are included in the present article. Detailed statistical procedures and the complete dataset are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Lian-Xi Li, MD, PhD, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. lilx@sjtu.edu.cn
Received: November 28, 2025
Revised: January 8, 2026
Accepted: February 11, 2026
Published online: April 15, 2026
Processing time: 137 Days and 17.7 Hours
Revised: January 8, 2026
Accepted: February 11, 2026
Published online: April 15, 2026
Processing time: 137 Days and 17.7 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study introduces the product of C-reactive protein and fasting C-peptide as a novel composite indicator. It better reflects the combined effects of inflammation and insulin resistance and shows more stable associations with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events than either component alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, supporting its potential value as a composite marker reflecting the overall cardiovascular risk burden.