Perirenal fat and alcohol consumption contribute to marginal bone loss after dental implant surgery in type 2 diabetes

Figure 1 Hypothetical summary of additional etiopathogenetic underpinnings that may contribute to the association between elevated inflammatory markers and marginal bone loss in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A: Perirenal adipose tissue; B: Alcohol consumption. Green arrows indicate a subsequent excitatory effect, while red arrows indicate a subsequent inhibitory effect on bone metabolism processes. IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; IL: Interleukin; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.