Association of ICAM-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Retinopathy in T2DM Patients from Northern India: Case-control and meta-analysis

Figure 1 Clinical characteristics among diabetic retinopathy cases and controls without diabetic retinopathy group (type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals without retinopathy as controls). BMI: Body mass index; A1C: Acetylated hemoglobin; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; CDR: Controls without diabetic retinopathy.

Figure 2 Forest plots for included studies evaluating the association between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 c. 1405A>G (rs5498) polymorphism and type 2 diabetic retinopathy. A: Allelic model (G vs A); B: Recessive model (GG vs GA + AA); C: Dominant model (GG + GA vs AA). DR: Diabetic retinopathy; CDR: Controls without diabetic retinopathy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Figure 3 Funnel plots analysis for included studies for evaluating the publication bias of the association between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 c. 1405A>G (rs5498) polymorphism and type 2 diabetic retinopathy. A: Allelic model (G vs A); B: Recessive model (GG vs GA + AA); C: Dominant model (GG + GA vs AA). DR: Diabetic retinopathy; CDR: Controls without diabetic retinopathy.

Figure 4 Sensitivity analysis for diabetic retinopathy vs controls without diabetic retinopathy, eliminating one study at a time. A: Allelic model (G vs A); B: Recessive model (GG vs GA + AA); C: Dominant model (GG + GA vs AA). DR: Diabetic retinopathy; CDR: Controls without diabetic retinopathy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.