Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes

doi:10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1122

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2024; 15(6): 1122-1141
Published online Jun 15, 2024. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1122

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Figure 1 Vasorelaxation effect of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate; EC: Endothelial cell; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; NO: Nitric oxide; sGC: Soluble guanylate cyclase; VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cell.

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Figure 2 Vasorelaxation effect of PGI₂-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway. AC: Adenylyl cyclase; ARA: Arachidonic acid; cAMP: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; COX: Cyclooxygenase; EC: Endothelial cell; PGI₂: Prostacyclin; IP: Prostacyclin receptor; PGIS: Prostacyclin synthase; PGH₂: Prostaglandin H₂; VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cell.

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Figure 3 Vasorelaxation effect of phosphodiesterases inhibition. cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate; EC: Endothelial cell; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; 5’-GMP: 5’-Guanylic acid; NO: Nitric oxide; PDE: Phosphodiesterase; sGC: Soluble guanylate cyclase; VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cell.

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Figure 4 Vasorelaxation effect of opening K⁺ ion channels/reduction of Ca²⁺ levels in the cell. EC: Endothelial cell; MH: Membrane hyperpolarization; VSMC: Vascular smooth muscle cell.

Citation: Demirel S. Vasorelaxant effects of biochemical constituents of various medicinal plants and their benefits in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(6): 1122-1141
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v15/i6/1122.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1122