Metabolic basis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in diabetes mellitus: From epidemiological association to mechanistic understanding

doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i3.115180

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2026; 17(3): 115180
Published online Mar 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i3.115180

Metabolic basis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in diabetes mellitus: From epidemiological association to mechanistic understanding

Shu-Fen Li, Shu-Yue Yu, Yi-Yuan Liu, Shu-Cai Fu, Yuan-Ping Xiong

Shu-Fen Li, Shu-Yue Yu, Yi-Yuan Liu, Yuan-Ping Xiong, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China

Shu-Cai Fu, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Afﬁliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 330025, Jiangxi Province, China

Co-first authors: Shu-Fen Li and Shu-Yue Yu.

Co-corresponding authors: Shu-Cai Fu and Yuan-Ping Xiong.

Author contributions: Li SF and Yu SY contributed to data collection, and they contributed equally to this manuscript as co-first authors; Li SF, Yu SY, Liu YY, and Xiong YP contributed to the manuscript creation; Li SF, Yu SY, and Xiong YP contributed to manuscript revision; Li SF, Fu SC, and Xiong YP contributed to the study design; Liu YY and Fu SC contributed to data interpretation; Fu SC and Xiong YP contributed to study concept, and they contributed equally to this manuscript as co-corresponding authors; All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82471183 and No. 82260224; and Jiangxi Natural Science Foundation Project, No. 20242BAB25491.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Corresponding author: Yuan-Ping Xiong, MD, PhD Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, No. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Donghu District, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China. xiongyp@ncu.edu.cn

Received: October 10, 2025
Revised: November 22, 2025
Accepted: January 7, 2026
Published online: March 15, 2026
Processing time: 153 Days and 4.9 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: Growing evidence indicates that diabetes mellitus is not merely a comorbidity but an important contributor to sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Chronic hyperglycemia and early metabolic dysregulation lead to cochlear microvascular injury, neuropathy, oxidative stress, and impaired microcirculation, all of which increase susceptibility to hearing loss and hinder recovery. Emerging data suggest that prediabetes may already induce subclinical auditory damage. Elucidating these mechanisms provides a pathophysiological basis for risk stratification, early detection, and more individualized, mechanism-informed treatment strategies in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.