Using the triglyceride-glucose index and derived indexes to forecast progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes: A 3-year follow-up study
Bing Wang, Ming-Chuan Liu, Xu-Han Liu, Zhu Zhu, Ying-Shu Liu, Ting-Ting Zhang, Xin-Yu Li, Zheng-Nan Gao
Bing Wang, Xu-Han Liu, Zhu Zhu, Ying-Shu Liu, Ting-Ting Zhang, Xin-Yu Li, Zheng-Nan Gao, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China
Ming-Chuan Liu, Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
Co-corresponding authors: Xin-Yu Li and Zheng-Nan Gao.
Author contributions: Wang B was the guarantor and designed the study, and was responsible for conceptualization, project administration, supervision, methodology, writing, review and editing; Liu MC and Liu XH were responsible for data curation, methodology, supervision and participated in formal analysis; Zhu Z and Zhang TT participated in data curation; Liu YS was responsible for formal analysis; Li XY and Gao ZN were responsible for methodology, formal analysis, writing, review and editing.
Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program Project, No. 2013BAI09B13; Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, No. 2021-BS-294; and Dengfeng Project of Dalian Medical Discipline Priority, No. 2022ZZ258, No. 2023ZZ025, No. 2024ZZ016 and No. 2024ZZ034.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Clinical trial registration statement: This study is an observational cohort study and does not fall under the definition of a clinical trial requiring registration.
Informed consent statement: All subjects participated in the study voluntarily and provided informed consent prior to enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
CONSORT 2010 statement: The authors have read the CONSORT 2010 Statement, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the CONSORT 2010 Statement.
Data sharing statement: For privacy and ethical reasons, the individual-level data from this clinical trial cannot be made publicly available. However, de-identified data may be made available to qualified researchers upon reasonable request, subject to a data sharing agreement and approval from the corresponding author and the institutional ethics committee.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Zheng-Nan Gao, MD, Professor, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, No. 826 Xinan Road, Dalian 116033, Liaoning Province, China.
gao2008@163.com
Received: September 23, 2025
Revised: October 25, 2025
Accepted: December 17, 2025
Published online: February 15, 2026
Processing time: 136 Days and 1.1 Hours
