Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Mar 15, 2025; 16(3): 100329
Published online Mar 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i3.100329
Comprehensive review on diabetic foot ulcers and neuropathy: Treatment, prevention and management
Kehkashan Parveen, Malik Asif Hussain, Sadaf Anwar, Halima Mustafa Elagib, Mohd Adnan Kausar
Kehkashan Parveen, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
Malik Asif Hussain, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha'il 53962, Saudi Arabia
Sadaf Anwar, Mohd Adnan Kausar, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha'il 53962, Saudi Arabia
Halima Mustafa Elagib, Department of Pharmacology, University of Ha’il, Ha'il 53962, Saudi Arabia
Author contributions: Parveen K, Hussain MA and Kausar MA performed a systematic search, data extraction, and statistical analyses; Anwar S and Elagib HM were involved in data interpretation, article writing, and editing; All authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
Supported by the King Salman Center for Disability Research, No. KSRG-2023-407.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mohd Adnan Kausar, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, University City-Hail, Al Khitah Street, Ha'il 53962, Saudi Arabia. ma.kausar@uoh.edu.sa
Received: August 14, 2024
Revised: November 27, 2024
Accepted: December 27, 2024
Published online: March 15, 2025
Processing time: 160 Days and 13.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: The present review examines the aetiology and pathology of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), with a detailed discussion on diabetic peripheral neuropathy as a key factor in the development of DFUs. Furthermore, conditions such as peripheral artery disease/ischaemia, wound infection, and impaired wound healing that are directly associated with the occurrence of ulcers are described in the next sections. Additionally, the review emphasises the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, glycaemic control, and patient education. This article will, therefore, contribute to the understanding of the new DFU screening systems and provide further insights for innovative treatment research.