Chen DQ, Wu YX, Zhang YX, Yang HL, Huang HH, Lv JY, Xiao Q. Sarcopenia-associated factors and their bone mineral density levels in middle-aged and elderly male type 2 diabetes patients. World J Diabetes 2024; 15(12): 2285-2292 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i12.2285]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Qian Xiao, MD, Chief Doctor, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China. xiaoqian1956@126.com
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Retrospective Study
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
De-Qing Chen, Yong-Xin Wu, Ying-Xiao Zhang, Hai-Ling Yang, Qian Xiao, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
Huan-Huan Huang, Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
Jiang-Yan Lv, Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China
Author contributions: Chen DQ, Wu YX, Zhang YX and Yang HL contributed to the conception and design; Chen DQ, Huang HH, Lv JY and Xiao Q contributed to the analysis and interpretation of data; Chen DQ and Xiao Q contributed to the writing, review, and/or revision of the manuscript; All authors contributed to the acquisition of data (acquired and managed patients) and final approved the manuscript.
Supported by Chongqing Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project, No. CYB22200.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 2024-6.
Informed consent statement: Patients were not required to give informed consent to the study because the analysis used anonymous clinical data that were obtained after each patient agreed to treatment by written consent.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Qian Xiao, MD, Chief Doctor, Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuanjiagang, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China. xiaoqian1956@126.com
Received: July 24, 2024 Revised: September 10, 2024 Accepted: October 24, 2024 Published online: December 15, 2024 Processing time: 116 Days and 15.7 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Chronic hyperglycemia can damage the microcirculation, which impairs the function of various organs and tissues and predisposes individuals to chronic complications. Sarcopenia (SP) is the age-related decline in muscle mass and function that contributes to the sequelae of type 2 diabetes. In particular, diabetic patients are at higher risk of SP because of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and decreased physical activity.
AIM
To identify SP-associated factors in middle-aged and elderly male type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and their correlation with bone mineral density (BMD).
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 196 middle-aged and elderly male T2DM inpatients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between June 2021 and June 2023, with 60 concurrent healthy individuals as the control group. Differences in general information, blood biochemistry, glycosylated hemoglobin, muscle strength, and detection rate of SP were compared between groups. The BMD, appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM), and fat mass, as well as grip strength and gait speed, were determined for each patient, and the ASM index (ASMI) was counted. The quantitative data were subjected to correlation and logistic regression analyses to identify risk factors for SP.
RESULTS
Fifty-one of the 196 middle-aged and elderly male T2DM patients were diagnosed with SP, which accounted for 26.02%. The middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients with SP exhibited a longer diabetes mellitus (DM) course and a lower body mass index (BMI) and 25(OH)D3 compared with the non-SP patients. The T2DM + SP patients exhibited lower BMI, ASM, ASMI, left- and right-hand grip strength, gait speed, and muscle and fat mass of the upper and lower limbs compared with the diabetic non-SP patients. The femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine L1-4 BMD were markedly lower in T2DM + SP patients compared with those in the non-SP diabetics. Long-term DM course, low BMI, and low BMD of the femoral neck, lumbar spine L1-4, and total hip were identified as risk factors for the development of SP.
CONCLUSION
T2DM patients are at risk for SP; however, measures can be taken to prevent the related risk factors.
Core Tip: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are common maladies in middle-aged and older adults. Individuals with T2DM are at a significantly higher risk of developing osteoporosis and falling and fracturing compared with healthy individuals. Sarcopenia is one of the most important factors for bone loss. A few studies have focused on the association between sarcopenia and osteoporosis in men with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study examined the association between sarcopenia and bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly men with T2DM.
