Ab-Hamid N, Omar N, Ismail CAN, Long I. Diabetes and cognitive decline: Challenges and future direction. World J Diabetes 2023; 14(6): 795-807 [PMID: 37383592 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.795]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Idris Long, PhD, Academic Research, Senior Lecturer, Biomedicine program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. idriskk@usm.my
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Diabetes. Jun 15, 2023; 14(6): 795-807 Published online Jun 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.795
Diabetes and cognitive decline: Challenges and future direction
Norhamidar Ab-Hamid, Norsuhana Omar, Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail, Idris Long
Norhamidar Ab-Hamid, Idris Long, Biomedicine program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Norsuhana Omar, Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail, Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
Author contributions: Long I and Ab-Hamid N prepared the manuscript; Ismail CAN and Omar N proofread this manuscript.
Supported bythe Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, No. FRGS/1/2020/SKK0/USM/03/5.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors report having no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Idris Long, PhD, Academic Research, Senior Lecturer, Biomedicine program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jalan Hospital USM, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia. idriskk@usm.my
Received: December 25, 2022 Peer-review started: December 25, 2022 First decision: January 3, 2023 Revised: February 7, 2023 Accepted: May 6, 2023 Article in press: May 6, 2023 Published online: June 15, 2023 Processing time: 171 Days and 17.8 Hours
Abstract
There is growing evidence that diabetes can induce cognitive decline and dementia. It is a slow, progressive cognitive decline that can occur in any age group, but is seen more frequently in older individuals. Symptoms related to cognitive decline are worsened by chronic metabolic syndrome. Animal models are frequently utilized to elucidate the mechanisms of cognitive decline in diabetes and to assess potential drugs for therapy and prevention. This review addresses the common factors and pathophysiology involved in diabetes-related cognitive decline and outlines the various animal models used to study this condition.
Core Tip: Diabetes can induce cognitive decline, a phenomenon attributed to fluctuations in glycemic status, macrovascular and microvascular disease, deterioration of insulin signaling, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, increases in advanced glycation end products, the effects of drugs used to treat diabetes, and diabetic autonomic dysfunction. Various animal models have been constructed to examine the pathophysiology of diabetes-induced cognitive decline.
