Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and colorectal adenoma risk in an asymptomatic screening population

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics and clinical parameters among subjects in different geriatric nutritional risk index groups, n (%)

Variable	Well-nourished (n = 86)	At-risk (n = 62)	Malnourished (n = 27)	Statistic	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	59.6 ± 10.1	64.3 ± 8.9	67.8 ± 7.2	F = 9.847	< 0.001
Male sex	46 (53.5)	36 (58.1)	16 (59.3)	χ2 = 0.493	0.781
Smoking	22 (25.6)	18 (29.0)	8 (29.6)	χ2 = 0.324	0.852
Alcohol use	19 (22.1)	15 (24.2)	7 (25.9)	χ2 = 0.210	0.901
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	25.7 ± 3.1	22.5 ± 2.6	20.1 ± 2.1	F = 48.632	< 0.001
Albumin (g/L), mean ± SD	42.5 ± 2.9	38.1 ± 2.3	34.8 ± 2.7	F = 125.301	< 0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean ± SD	4.85 ± 0.91	4.65 ± 0.87	4.48 ± 0.95	F = 3.885	0.055
Triglycerides (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.65 ± 0.78	1.82 ± 0.85	1.91 ± 0.92	F = 3.362	0.038
HDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD	1.35 ± 0.31	1.21 ± 0.28	1.08 ± 0.25	F = 12.954	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L), mean ± SD	2.89 ± 0.71	2.78 ± 0.68	2.65 ± 0.74	F = 1.405	0.251
Fasting glucose (mmol/L), mean ± SD	5.21 ± 0.89	5.58 ± 1.12	5.87 ± 1.24	F = 6.098	0.003
CEA (ng/mL), mean ± SD	2.12 ± 1.54	3.01 ± 1.89	3.98 ± 2.45	F = 12.335	< 0.001
CA19-9 (U/mL), mean ± SD	12.5 ± 9.8	16.8 ± 12.3	21.4 ± 15.1	F = 8.214	< 0.001
H. pylori positive	38 (44.2)	32 (51.6)	16 (59.3)	χ2 = 2.271	0.321

BMI: Body mass index; GNRI: Geriatric nutritional risk index; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; F: One-way analysis of variance statistic.

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of colorectal adenoma risk factors

Variable (per 1-unit increase)	β	SE	Wald χ2	VIF	P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)
Age (per year)	0.036	0.017	4.48	1.28	0.034	1.037 (1.003-1.072)
BMI (per kg/m2)	-0.118	0.052	5.15	1.45	0.023	0.889 (0.803-0.984)
Albumin (per g/L)	-0.205	0.062	10.93	1.67	0.001	0.815 (0.722-0.920)
HDL-C (per mmol/L)	-0.892	0.478	3.48	1.38	0.062	0.410 (0.161-1.045)
Triglycerides (per mmol/L)	0.384	0.178	4.66	1.39	0.031	1.468 (1.036-2.080)
Fasting glucose (per mmol/L)	0.198	0.121	2.68	1.45	0.102	1.219 (0.962-1.545)
CEA (per ng/mL)	0.226	0.089	6.45	1.23	0.011	1.254 (1.053-1.493)
CA19-9 (per U/mL)	0.025	0.014	3.19	1.31	0.074	1.025 (0.998-1.054)
GNRI (per unit)	-0.368	0.082	20.12	1.89	< 0.001	0.692 (0.589-0.813)

BMI: Body mass index; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; GNRI: Geriatric nutritional risk index; SE: Standard error; VIF: Variance inflation factor; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.