Could deciphering cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor/hepatocyte growth factor network dynamics unlock novel biomarker-driven therapies for colorectal cancer?

Table 1 Clinical trials on targeted therapies against the cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor/hepatocyte growth factor pathway in colorectal cancer

Inhibitor	Patient population	Agents	First posted	Last update posted	Number enrolled	Phase	Clinical trials gov identifier	State	Status
c-Met inhibitor	Colorectal cancer	Crizotinib (PF-02341066)	July 28, 2015	July 13, 2021	82	I	NCT02510001	United Kingdom	Completed
c-Met inhibitors	Metastatic colorectal cancer	Capmatinib (INC280)	July 31, 2014	January 22, 2019	13	I	NCT02205398	United States	Terminated
c-Met inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Capmatinib (INC280)	March 12, 2015	September 21, 2023	65	I	NCT02386826	United States	Completed
c-Met inhibitors	Metastatic colorectal cancer	Tivantinib (ARQ197)	July 4, 2013	September 9, 2022	43	II	NCT01892527	Italy	Completed
c-Met inhibitors	Advanced colorectal cancer	AL2846	April 8, 2020	July 21, 2020	56	II	NCT04337879	China	Unknown
c-Met inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Crizotinib (PF-02341066)	June 8, 2015	February 15, 2024	6452	II	NCT02465060	United States	Active, not recruiting
Anti-c-Met monoclonal antibody	Colorectal cancer	Onartuzumab (MetMAb)	August 17, 2011	May 30, 2017	194	II	NCT01418222	United States	Completed
Anti-HGF monoclonal antibody	Colorectal cancer	Rilotumumab (AMG-102)	November 11, 2008	July 20, 2015	153	II	NCT00788957	Not provided	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Axitinib	December 6, 2011	February 10, 2016	27	Not applicable	NCT01486251	France	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Metastatic colorectal cancer	Masitinib	June 14, 2018	December 8, 2020	219	III	NCT03556956	Czechia, France, Russian Federation	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Solid cancer	Regorafenib (BAY73-4506)	March 26, 2019	June 28, 2023	6	II	NCT03890731	United States, Germany, Italy	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Recurrent colon cancer, stage IVA colon cancer	Linifanib	June 3, 2011	August 26, 2014	30	II	NCT01365910	United States	Terminated
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Recurrent colon cancer, stage IVA colon cancer	Dasatinib	July 19, 2007	May 19, 2014	19	II	NCT00504153	United States	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Regorafenib (BAY73-4506)	August 14, 2023	October 26, 2023	98	II	NCT05985109	China	Recruiting
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	MSI-H colorectal cancer	Regorafenib (BAY73-4506)	August 23, 2023	August 23, 2023	154	II	NCT06006923	United States	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Anlotinib	August 25, 2023	January 23, 2024	75	I	NCT06010901	China	Recruiting
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Cabozantinib	May 29, 2018	July 13, 2023	117	I/II	NCT03539822	United States	Active, not recruiting
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Cabozantinib	September 7, 2023	November 22, 2023	270	I	NCT06026410	United States	Recruiting
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Pazopanib	October 8, 2007	November 29, 2017	25	I	NCT00540943	France	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Nilotinib	June 6, 2013	February 8, 2019	15	I	NCT01871311	United States	Terminated
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer	Anlotinib	October 5, 2021	October 20, 2021	120	II	NCT05068206	China	Recruiting
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer stage IV	Regorafenib (BAY73-4506)	May 19, 2022	May 17, 2023	182	II	NCT05382741	Italy	Recruiting
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Pexidartinib	May 19, 2016	September 5, 2021	48	I	NCT02777710	France	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Advanced solid tumors	KBP-5209	May 13, 2015	March 4, 2022	35	I	NCT02442414	United States	Completed
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Advanced solid tumors	Lenvatinib	January 9, 2019	October 31, 2023	590	II	NCT03797326	United States	Active, not recruiting
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Colorectal cancer	Crizotinib (PF-02341066)	June 8, 2015	February 15, 2024	6452	II	NCT02465060	United States	Active, not recruiting

All clinical trials are accessible for download on the website www.clinicaltrials.gov (accessed August 1, 2025). c-Met: Cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; MSI-H: Microsatellite instability-high.