Risk prediction for chronic atrophic gastritis using a random forest model: A multicenter study

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.113959

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 18, Issue 2

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Supplementary Materials of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (0)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-4) series, Tables (1-3) series.

Item

Count

PDF

HTML

Figures (1-4)

Tables (1-3)

Sum=2

Publishing Process of This Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=22

Feb 15, 2026 (publication date) through Feb 3, 2026

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (0)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

ISSN

1948-5204

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Feb 15, 2026; 18(2): 113959
Published online Feb 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.113959

Table 1 Variable description

Research variable	Categories	Coding
Gender
	Male	0
	Female	1
Education level
	Junior high school or below	0
	Above junior high school	1
Recurrent abdominal discomfort symptoms
	None	0
	Present	1
Long-term smoking history (smoking duration greater than 6 months)
	None	0
	Present	1
Long-term alcohol consumption history (drinking frequency greater than 3 times per week)
	None	0
	Present	1
Long-term tea drinking history (tea consumption frequency greater than once per week)
	None	0
	Present	1
Frequency of fresh fruit intake
	Less than 5 times per week	0
	Greater than 5 times per week	1
Dietary temperature preference
	Moderate temperature	0
	Overly hot or cold	1
Salt intake
	Normal or less	0
	Excessive	1
Sleep quality
	Fair or good	0
	Poor	1
Hypertension history
	None	0
	Present	1
Diabetes history
	None	0
	Present	1
Family history of tumors
	None	0
	Present	1
Family history of gastric cancer
	None	0
	Present	1
H. pylori infection history
	Negative	0
	Positive	1
Pepsinogen ratio
Age
Body mass index
Sleep duration

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the participants, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 1268)	Non-CAG (n = 649)	CAG (n = 619)	Statistic	P value
PGR, M (Q₁, Q₃)	11.10 (8.57, 13.60)	12.10 (10.10, 14.20)	9.81 (7.33, 12.35)	Z¹ = -10.79	< 0.001^a
Age (year), M (Q₁, Q₃)	57.00 (52.00, 63.00)	56.00 (50.00, 61.00)	59.00 (53.50, 64.00)	Z¹ = -6.28	< 0.001^a
BMI (kg/m²), M (Q₁, Q₃)	23.44 (21.50, 25.39)	23.38 (21.36, 25.39)	23.51 (21.63, 25.44)	Z¹ = -0.30	0.762
Sleep, M (Q₁, Q₃)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	7.00 (6.00, 8.00)	Z¹ = -0.85	0.394
Gender				χ² = 11.89	< 0.001^a
Male	532 (41.96)	242 (37.29)	290 (46.85)
Female	736 (58.04)	407 (62.71)	329 (53.15)
Education level				χ² = 1.95	0.162
Junior high school or below	930 (73.34)	465 (71.65)	465 (75.12)
Above junior high school	338 (26.66)	184 (28.35)	154 (24.88)
Symptoms				χ² = 3.61	0.058
None	1015 (80.05)	506 (77.97)	509 (82.23)
Present	253 (19.95)	143 (22.03)	110 (17.77)
Smoke				χ² = 21.00	< 0.001^a
None	909 (71.69)	502 (77.35)	407 (65.75)
Present	359 (28.31)	147 (22.65)	212 (34.25)
Long-term tea drinking history²				χ² = 5.15	0.023^a
None	892 (70.35)	475 (73.19)	417 (67.37)
Present	376 (29.65)	174 (26.81)	202 (32.63)
Dietary temperature preference				χ² = 0.00	0.978
Moderate temperature	1084 (85.49)	555 (85.52)	529 (85.46)
Overly hot or cold	184 (14.51)	94 (14.48)	90 (14.54)
Salt intake				χ² = 1.88	0.170
Normal or less	1207 (95.19)	623 (95.99)	584 (94.35)
Excessive	61 (4.81)	26 (4.01)	35 (5.65)
Drink				χ² = 2.45	0.118
None	1040 (82.02)	543 (83.67)	497 (80.29)
Present	228 (17.98)	106 (16.33)	122 (19.71)
Fruit				χ² = 10.48	0.001^a
Less than 5 times per week	617 (48.66)	287 (44.22)	330 (53.31)
Greater than 5 times per week	651 (51.34)	362 (55.78)	289 (46.69)
Asleep				χ² = 0.99	0.321
None	893 (70.43)	449 (69.18)	444 (71.73)
Present	375 (29.57)	200 (30.82)	175 (28.27)
Hypertension				χ² = 0.92	0.338
None	840 (66.25)	438 (67.49)	402 (64.94)
Present	428 (33.75)	211 (32.51)	217 (35.06)
Diabetes				χ² = 0.08	0.778
None	1140 (89.91)	585 (90.14)	555 (89.66)
Present	128 (10.09)	64 (9.86)	64 (10.34)
Tumor				χ² = 0.07	0.798
None	879 (69.32)	452 (69.65)	427 (68.98)
Present	389 (30.68)	197 (30.35)	192 (31.02)
Gastric				χ² = 3.71	0.054
None	1132 (89.27)	590 (90.91)	542 (87.56)
Present	136 (10.73)	59 (9.09)	77 (12.44)
H. pylori				χ² = 314.29	< 0.001^a
Negative	616 (48.58)	473 (72.88)	143 (23.10)
Positive	652 (51.42)	176 (27.12)	476 (76.90)

¹Mann-Whitney test.

²Tea consumption frequency greater than once per week.

^aP < 0.05.

CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis; M: Median, Q₁: 1^st quartile, Q₃: 3^st quartile; BMI: Body mass index; PGR: Pepsinogen I/II ratio; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Model comparison

Data	Model	AUC (95%CI)	Sensitivity (95%CI)	Specificity (95%CI)
Train	Random forest	0.8542 (0.8307-0.8777)	0.7349 (0.6918-0.774)	0.8127 (0.7746-0.8459)
Train	Logistic	0.8208 (0.7940-0.8475)	0.7284 (0.6889-0.7679)	0.7802 (0.7425-0.8179)
Test	Random forest	0.8073 (0.759-0.8557)	0.7226 (0.644-0.7899)	0.7853 (0.7127-0.844)
Test	Logistic	0.8064 (0.7587-0.8540)	0.7178 (0.6487-0.7869)	0.7806 (0.7155-0.8458)

AUC: Area under the curve.

Full Size Table

Citation: Cao H, Han JL, Wu H, Si SP, Ding LJ, Ji L, Zhang HZ, Yin J, Zhou ZY, Zhang YN, Lv ZF, Tian WY, Zhan Q, Wang H, An FM. Risk prediction for chronic atrophic gastritis using a random forest model: A multicenter study. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(2): 113959
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v18/i2/113959.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v18.i2.113959