Short-term and long-term effects of sevoflurane inhalation vs propofol total intravenous anesthesia in gastrectomy for gastric cancer

doi:10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.109375

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Nov 15, 2025 (publication date) through Nov 13, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology

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1948-5204

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2025; 17(11): 109375
Published online Nov 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.109375

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, n (%)

Parameters	Sevoflurane group (n = 103)	Propofol group (n = 101)	t/χ²	P value
Age (years)	59.72 ± 9.79	60.21 ± 10.13	0.349	0.728
Sex			0.245	0.621
Male	67 (65.05)	69 (68.32)
Female	36 (34.95)	32 (31.68)
BMI (kg/m²)	23.79 ± 2.25	24.10 ± 2.53	0.910	0.364
ECOG			0.003	0.954
0	88 (85.44)	86 (85.15)
1	15 (14.56)	15 (14.85)
ASA classification			0.420	0.811
I	44 (42.72)	41 (40.59)
II	58 (56.31)	58 (57.43)
III	1 (0.97)	2 (1.98)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	115.01 ± 11.62	114.09 ± 11.28	0.572	0.568
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	75.33 ± 10.12	72.70 ± 11.01	1.778	0.077
Heart rate (bpm)	129.78 ± 24.25	135.41 ± 25.30	1.622	0.106
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.98 ± 1.28	13.10 ± 1.33	0.659	0.510
Underlying diseases
Hypertension	79 (76.70)	71 (70.30)	1.074	0.300
Diabetes	37 (35.92)	46 (54.46)	1.956	0.162

BMI: Body mass index; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists.

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Table 2 Intraoperative indicators comparison

Parameters	Sevoflurane group (n = 103)	Propofol group (n = 101)	t	P value
Total anesthesia time (minute)	181.54 ± 29.23	174.95 ± 26.33	1.691	0.092
Total operation time (minute)	161.85 ± 19.12	158.25 ± 17.13	1.416	0.158
Bleeding (mL)	106.95 ± 52.12	116.18 ± 52.33	1.263	0.208
Urine (mL)	757.98 ± 299.85	762.11 ± 312.31	0.096	0.923

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Table 3 Comparison of clinical outcomes at 30 days post-surgery, n (%)

Parameters	Sevoflurane group (n = 103)	Propofol group (n = 101)	t/χ²	P value
In-hospital mortality	0 (0)	2 (1.98)	0.525	0.469
Length of hospital stay, day	7.58 ± 1.12	7.39 ± 0.98	1.282	0.201
Emergency department visit	22 (21.36)	28 (27.72)	1.116	0.291
Readmission rate	4 (3.88)	8 (7.92)	1.501	0.220

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Table 4 Intraoperative hemodynamics

Parameters	Sevoflurane group (n = 103)	Propofol group (n = 101)	t	P value
At the time of incision
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	114.21 ± 12.09	118.02 ± 14.12	2.074	0.039
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	70.68 ± 10.84	74.50 ± 11.90	2.401	0.017
Heart rate (bpm)	121.52 ± 17.24	123.81 ± 16.70	0.963	0.337
At the time of gastrectomy
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	111.28 ± 11.71	112.35 ± 11.50	0.661	0.509
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	69.54 ± 9.84	71.27 ± 9.35	1.282	0.201
Heart rate (bpm)	116.82 ± 12.33	120.89 ± 15.97	2.038	0.043
At the time of skin suturing
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	108.90 ± 14.02	108.91 ± 13.17	0.003	0.998
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	69.71 ± 11.65	70.61 ± 12.18	0.541	0.589
Heart rate (bpm)	119.03 ± 13.04	123.05 ± 14.83	2.055	0.041
At the end of the surgery
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	102.82 ± 13.21	105.70 ± 13.74	1.522	0.129
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	66.35 ± 10.53	67.08 ± 10.64	0.494	0.622
Heart rate (bpm)	119.89 ± 12.64	123.64 ± 14.35	1.984	0.049

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Table 5 Intraoperative and postoperative adverse events, n (%)

Parameters	Sevoflurane group (n = 103)	Propofol group (n = 101)	χ²	P value
Intraoperative
Body movement	24 (23.3)	34 (33.66)	2.691	0.101
Hypoxia	3 (2.91)	6 (5.94)	0.507	0.476
Postoperative
Hypoxia	3 (2.91)	0 (0)	1.314	0.252
Agitation	8 (7.77)	8 (7.92)	0.002	0.967
Nausea	29 (28.16)	45 (44.55)	5.933	0.015
Vomiting	12 (11.65)	14 (13.86)	0.224	0.636
Pruritus	14 (13.59)	17 (13.59)	0.415	0.519
Hypotensive episode	24 (23.3)	14 (13.86)	2.998	0.083

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Table 6 Postoperative complications, n (%)

Parameters	Sevoflurane group (n = 103)	Propofol group (n = 101)	t/χ²	P value
Patients with no complications	35 (33.98)	42 (41.58)	1.255	0.263
Clavien-Dindo classification of complication severity			1.965	0.854
I	12 (11.65)	8 (7.92)
II	42 (40.78)	36 (35.64)
IIIa	28 (27.18)	33 (32.67)
IVa	8 (7.77)	10 (9.9)
IVb	5 (4.85)	6 (5.94)
V	8 (7.77)	8 (7.92)
CCI of complication severity	19.85 ± 2.50	20.40 ± 2.55	1.550	0.123

CCI: Comprehensive Complication Index.

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Table 7 Visual Analog Scale scores

Parameters	Sevoflurane group (n = 103)	Propofol group (n = 101)	t	P value
Postoperative 2 hours	24.35 ± 7.79	25.16 ± 7.52	0.761	0.447
Postoperative 4 hours	22.54 ± 6.58	23.61 ± 6.77	1.141	0.255
Postoperative 6 hours	21.51 ± 6.17	22.92 ± 6.05	1.650	0.101
Postoperative 24 hours	22.93 ± 6.13	24.61 ± 6.02	1.977	0.049
Postoperative 48 hours	24.52 ± 8.17	24.70 ± 8.12	0.152	0.880

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Citation: Wang Z, Cheng JW, Yu KY. Short-term and long-term effects of sevoflurane inhalation vs propofol total intravenous anesthesia in gastrectomy for gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2025; 17(11): 109375
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v17/i11/109375.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.109375