Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes between gallbladder mucinous adenocarcinoma and gallbladder adenocarcinoma: A propensity score-matched study

Table 1 Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between gallbladder mucinous adenocarcinoma and typical gallbladder adenocarcinoma before and after propensity score matching, n (%)

Characteristic	Unmatched cohort (n = 4711)			Propensity score-matched cohort (n = 374)
	GBMAC (n = 187)	Typical GBAC (n = 4524)	P value	GBMAC (n = 187)	Typical GBAC (n = 187)	P value
Age (yr)			0.955			0.373
< 60	43 (23.0)	1061 (23.5)		43 (23.0)	35 (18.7)
≥ 60	144 (77.0)	3463 (76.5)		144 (77.0)	152 (81.3)
Sex			0.638			0.064
Female	127 (67.9)	3158 (69.8)		127 (67.9)	144 (77.0)
Male	60 (32.1)	1366 (30.2)		60 (32.1)	43 (23.0)
Race			0.257			0.467
White	133 (71.1)	3373 (74.6)		133 (71.1)	128 (68.4)
Black	34 (18.2)	610 (13.5)		34 (18.2)	39 (20.9)
Others	20 (10.7)	523 (11.6)		20 (10.7)	18 (9.6)
Unknown	0 (0.0)	18 (0.4)		0 (0.0)	2 (1.1)
Marital status			0.024			0.758
Married	78 (41.7)	2239 (49.5)		78 (41.7)	71 (38.0)
Unmarried	105 (56.1)	2101 (46.4)		105 (56.1)	112 (59.9)
Unknown	4 (2.1)	184 (4.1)		4 (2.1)	4 (2.1)
Grade			0.567			0.613
Well differentiated	24 (12.8)	462 (10.2)		24 (12.8)	18 (9.6)
Moderately differentiated	60 (32.1)	1465 (32.4)		60 (32.1)	56 (29.9)
Poorly differentiated	48 (25.7)	1285 (28.4)		48 (25.7)	48 (25.7)
Undifferentiated	0 (0.0)	29 (0.6)		0 (0.0)	1 (0.5)
Unknown	55 (29.4)	1283 (28.4)		55 (29.4)	64 (34.2)
Surgery			0.885			0.107
Yes	127 (67.9)	3000 (66.3)		127 (67.9)	111 (59.4)
No	60 (32.1)	1523 (33.7)		60 (32.1)	76 (40.6)
Unknown	0 (0.0)	1 (0.0)
Chemotherapy			0.369			1
Yes	90 (48.1)	2014 (44.5)		90 (48.1)	90 (48.1)
No/Unknown	97 (51.9)	2510 (55.5)		97 (51.9)	97 (51.9)
Radiotherapy			0.211			1
Yes	32 (17.1)	616 (13.6)		32 (17.1)	32 (17.1)
No/Unknown	155 (82.9)	3908 (86.4)		155 (82.9)	155 (82.9)
AJCC			0.005			0.226
I	4 (2.1)	335 (7.4)		4 (2.1)	11 (5.9)
II	26 (13.9)	867 (19.2)		26 (13.9)	19 (10.2)
III	62 (33.2)	1215 (26.9)		62 (33.2)	62 (33.2)
IV	95 (50.8)	2107 (46.6)		95 (50.8)	95 (50.8)
T stage			0.006			0.435
T1	10 (5.3)	507 (11.2)		10 (5.3)	19 (10.2)
T2	50 (26.7)	1394 (30.8)		50 (26.7)	42 (22.5)
T3	87 (46.5)	1808 (40.0)		87 (46.5)	88 (47.1)
T4	18 (9.6)	242 (5.3)		18 (9.6)	15 (8.0)
Unknown	22 (11.8)	573 (12.7)		22 (11.8)	23 (12.3)
N stage			0.013			0.312
N0	92 (49.2)	2673 (59.1)		92 (49.2)	107 (57.2)
N1	65 (34.8)	1138 (25.2)		65 (34.8)	49 (26.2)
N2	11 (5.9)	336 (7.4)		11 (5.9)	13 (7.0)
Unknown	19 (10.2)	377 (8.3)		19 (10.2)	18 (9.6)
M stage			0.668			1
M0	102 (54.5)	2613 (57.8)		102 (54.5)	102 (54.5)
M1	85 (45.5)	1910 (42.2)		85 (45.5)	85 (45.5)
Unknown	0 (0.0)	1 (0.0)

GBMAC: Gallbladder mucinous adenocarcinoma; GBAC: Gallbladder adenocarcinoma; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of overall survival and cancer-specific survival of gallbladder mucinous adenocarcinoma patients

Characteristic	Overall survival				Cancer-specific survival
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)
< 60	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
≥ 60	1.4 (0.96-2.03)	0.08	NA	NA	1.46 (0.98-2.18)	0.063	NA	NA
Sex
Female	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Male	0.92 (0.66-1.29)	0.632	NA	NA	1.01 (0.71-1.44)	0.943	NA	NA
Race
White	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Black	1.18 (0.79-1.75)	0.423	NA	NA	1.23 (0.81-1.87)	0.322	NA	NA
Others	1.24 (0.74-2.07)	0.41	NA	NA	1.22 (0.71-2.11)	0.468	NA	NA
Marital status
Married	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Unmarried	1.02 (0.74-1.4)	0.914	NA	NA	1 (0.71-1.4)	0.998	NA	NA
Unknown	1.16 (0.42-3.18)	0.78	NA	NA	1.25 (0.45-3.44)	0.671	NA	NA
Histological grade
Well differentiated	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Moderately differentiated	1.51 (0.86-2.64)	0.152	1.27 (0.7-2.3)	0.4291	1.26 (0.71-2.23)	0.434	1.01 (0.56-1.84)	0.9612
Poorly differentiated	1.84 (1.03-3.27)	0.039	1.45 (0.78-2.68)	0.2354	1.64 (0.91-2.95)	0.097	1.18 (0.64-2.18)	0.5956
Unknown	2.14 (1.21-3.76)	0.008	1.09 (0.54-2.21)	0.8144	1.93 (1.09-3.41)	0.025	0.61 (0.3-1.22)	0.1601
Surgery
Yes	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
No	2.37 (1.7-3.32)	< 0.001	2.27 (1.31-3.96)	0.0037	2.43 (1.71-3.45)	< 0.001	2.05 (1.15-3.66)	0.0151
Chemotherapy
Yes	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
No/Unknown	1.94 (1.42-2.65)	< 0.001	6.41 (4.07-10.09)	< 0.001	1.84 (1.33-2.57)	< 0.001	5.24 (3.44-8)	< 0.001
Radiotherapy
Yes	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
No/Unknown	1.57 (1.04-2.38)	0.033	0.72 (0.42-1.22)	0.2204	1.35 (0.89-2.06)	0.162	NA	NA
AJCC
I	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
II	2.85 (0.38-21.47)	0.311	2.67 (0.27-26.23)	0.3996	1.91 (0.25-14.82)	0.535	2.73 (0.35-21.46)	0.3393
III	5.28 (0.73-38.24)	0.1	7.51 (0.84-66.94)	0.0707	4.61 (0.64-33.5)	0.131	12.31 (1.63-93.01)	0.015
IV	9.94 (1.38-71.58)	0.023	28.99 (2.83-297.29)	0.0046	8.8 (1.22-63.37)	0.031	32.69 (3.81-280.34)	0.0015
T stage
T1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
T2	0.87 (0.38-1.95)	0.727	1.32 (0.47-3.72)	0.5965	0.65 (0.28-1.5)	0.315	NA	NA
T3	2.16 (0.99-4.69)	0.052	1.9 (0.76-4.75)	0.1676	1.88 (0.86-4.1)	0.112	NA	NA
T4	2.59 (1.08-6.23)	0.033	1.05 (0.37-2.95)	0.9314	2.34 (0.97-5.66)	0.06	NA	NA
Unknown	2.08 (0.87-4.96)	0.097	0.6 (0.22-1.65)	0.3196	2.05 (0.86-4.87)	0.106	NA	NA
N stage
N0	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
N1	1.08 (0.76-1.52)	0.679	1.1 (0.73-1.68)	0.6426	1.14 (0.79-1.64)	0.494	1.09 (0.72-1.64)	0.6778
N2	2.17 (1.14-4.12)	0.018	0.72 (0.34-1.51)	0.3848	2.19 (1.11-4.3)	0.023	0.82 (0.39-1.7)	0.5865
Unknown	1.79 (1.06-3.05)	0.031	1.43 (0.74-2.76)	0.2833	2.08 (1.21-3.56)	0.008	1.18 (0.63-2.19)	0.6084
M stage
M0	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
M1	2.17 (1.58-2.98)	< 0.001	0.85 (0.37-1.95)	0.705	2.25 (1.61-3.14)	< 0.001	0.94 (0.46-1.91)	0.8572

HR: Hazard ratio; NA: Not available; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer.

Table 3 Outcomes after baseline factors adjustments

Outcomes	GBMAC, HR (95%CI)	P value
Cancer-specific mortality
Non-adjusted	1.13 (0.96-1.34)	0.15
PSM non-adjusted	0.96 (0.76-1.2)	0.7
PSM adjusted	1.00 (0.79-1.28)	0.98
Adjust I	1.11 (0.94-1.31)	0.23
Adjust II	0.93 (0.78-1.10)	0.39
Adjust III	1.14 (0.97-1.35)	0.12
Adjust IV	1.01 (0.85-1.20)	0.89
Overall mortality
Non-adjusted	1.13 (0.96-1.33)	0.13
PSM non-adjusted	0.98 (0.78-1.22)	0.83
PSM adjusted	1.02 (0.80-1.28)	0.9
Adjust I	1.10 (0.94-1.30)	0.22
Adjust II	0.94 (0.80-1.10)	0.44
Adjust III	1.15 (0.98-1.35)	0.08
Adjust IV	1.02 (0.87-1.20)	0.78

The propensity score matching (PSM) non-adjusted model adjusts for none. PSM adjusted model adjusts for age, sex, surgery, chemotherapy, histological grade, T stage, N stage, and M stage. Adjust I model adjusts for age, sex, race, and marital status. Adjust II model adjusts for the histological grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, T stage, N stage, and M stage. Adjust III model adjusts for sex, age, T, N, and M stages. Adjust IV model adjusts for surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. GBMAC: Gallbladder mucinous adenocarcinoma; HR: Hazard ratio; PSM: Propensity score matching.