Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with obstructive jaundice: A case report and review of literature

Figure 1 Imaging features of the patient. A: Arterial phase computed tomography (CT) shows marked enhancement in the right hepatic lobe (orange arrow); B: Portal venous phase CT shows hypointensity in the right hepatic lobe (orange arrow); C: Portal venous phase CT demonstrates visualization of the left branch of the portal vein, but absence of the right branch (orange arrow), suggesting portal vein tumor thrombus; D: Intrahepatic bile duct dilatation is observed (orange arrow), indicating obstructive jaundice; E: Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the arterial phase demonstrates significant tumor enhancement (orange arrow); F: MRI in the portal/venous phase shows marked hypointensity (washout) of the tumor (orange arrow); G: MRI in the hepatobiliary phase shows marked hypointensity of the tumor due to no contrast uptake (orange arrow).

Figure 2 Computed tomography changes after hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy treatment. A: Tumor shrinkage after one cycle of hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) (orange arrow); B: After six cycles of HAIC combined with lipiodol embolization (orange arrow); C: No bile duct dilatation after six cycles (orange arrow); D: Portal vein tumor thrombus decreased in size after six cycles (orange arrow); E: Tumor progression with new intrahepatic lesions after 20 months (orange arrow); F: Good lipiodol deposition after transarterial chemoembolization (orange arrow); G: Tumor progression with new lesions after 28 months, with portal vein tumor thrombus in the right branch and bile duct obstruction (blue arrow); H: Pulmonary metastases (orange arrow).