Meta-analysis of the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

Figure 1  Study selection based on PRISMA criteria.

Figure 2 Risk of bias (ROBINS-I) in assessment of major pathological response, pathological complete response, and clinical complete response. A: Major pathological response; B: Pathological complete response; C: Clinical complete response.

Figure 3 Forest plot of rate risk ratio. A: Major pathological response; B: Pathological complete response (pCR); C: Clinical complete response (CCR); D: PCR + CCR.

Figure 4 Subgroup analysis of major pathological response, pathological complete response, and clinical complete response in patients with proficient mismatch repair status. A-C: Forest plot of major pathological response rate risk ratio in the subgroup of patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR; A), pathological complete response rate risk ratio in the subgroup of patients with pMMR (B), and clinical complete response rate risk ratio in the subgroup of patients with pMMR (C); D and E: Forest plot of R0 resection (D) and the sphincter preservation (E) rate risk ratio.

Figure 5 Funnel plot analysis of publication bias for major pathological response, pathological complete response, and clinical complete response. A: Major pathological response; B: Pathological complete response; C: Clinical complete response.