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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Sep 15, 2025; 17(9): 103816
Published online Sep 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i9.103816
Published online Sep 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i9.103816
Efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization with chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Xiao Chen, Yue Xiao, Dan Zhang, Xia Wang, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
Xi-Heng Sun, Department of Medical College, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yang
Xiao-Yan Lu, Cheng-Lei Fu, Chun Bi, Department of Oncology, Siyang Hospital, Suqian 223700, Jiangsu Province, China
Co-first authors: Xiao Chen and Xi-Heng Sun.
Co-corresponding authors: Chun Bi and Xia Wang.
Author contributions: Chen X analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; Chen X, Sun XH, Bi C, and Wang X designed the research study; Chen X, Xiao Y, Zhang D, and Lu XY performed the research; Zhang D, Fu CL, Bi C, and Wang X provided financial support; Chen X and Sun XH contributed equally to this article and are co-first authors of this manuscript; Bi C and Wang X made equally important contributions to the design, implementation and writing of this study and are the co-corresponding authors of this manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Approval No. XYFY2024-KL618-01).
Informed consent statement: As the study used anonymous and pre-existing data, the requirement for the informed consent from patients was waived.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The authors declare that all data and materials supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xia Wang, Chief Physician, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 9 Kunpeng North Road, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China. wangxia_66@163.com
Received: January 5, 2025
Revised: June 29, 2025
Accepted: August 1, 2025
Published online: September 15, 2025
Processing time: 254 Days and 3.8 Hours
Revised: June 29, 2025
Accepted: August 1, 2025
Published online: September 15, 2025
Processing time: 254 Days and 3.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization combined with chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and programmed death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitors in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. In conclusion, the combination of transarterial chemoembolization with chemo