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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2025; 17(11): 110715
Published online Nov 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110715
Published online Nov 15, 2025. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v17.i11.110715
Unraveling the characteristics of early esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma using multi-model endoscopy: A retrospective study of serial cases
Tian Jin, Yu-Wei Zhou, Yue Huang, Jian-Guo Gao, Xi Jin, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
Pei-Sen Sun, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
Co-first authors: Tian Jin and Yu-Wei Zhou.
Author contributions: Jin T drafted the manuscript; Jin T, Zhou YW, Sun PS, and Jin X contributed to data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation; Jin T and Jin X conceived and designed the study; Huang Y, Gao JG, and Jin X assisted with the writing of the study and literature review; Jin X conceived the overall concept of the article and supervised the research and writing processes. Jin T and Zhou YW contributed equally to this manuscript and are co-first authors. All the authors critically reviewed and approved the final manuscript and collectively decided to submit it for publication.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82370570.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
Informed consent statement: All study participants provided informed verbal consent prior to study inclusion.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Dataset available from the corresponding author.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Xi Jin, MD, PhD, Chief Physician, Professor, Department of Gas
Received: June 16, 2025
Revised: August 6, 2025
Accepted: October 9, 2025
Published online: November 15, 2025
Processing time: 154 Days and 12.5 Hours
Revised: August 6, 2025
Accepted: October 9, 2025
Published online: November 15, 2025
Processing time: 154 Days and 12.5 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This was a retrospective observational study that investigated the endoscopic characteristics of early esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (E-NEC) and how they differed from those of other esophageal submucosal tumors. This study analyzed four patients with early E-NEC using multi-model endoscopy and revealed key diagnostic differences from esophageal leiomyomas, including higher echogenicity on endoscopic ultrasonography, irregular microvascular patterns on narrow-band imaging, and lymph node enlargement. These findings highlight the potential of combined endoscopic modalities to improve the early detection and diagnostic accuracy of E-NEC.