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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Sep 15, 2026; 18(9): 120693
Published online Sep 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.120693
Syndrome differentiation nursing for gastrointestinal reactions and nutritional status in diabetic nephropathy with gastric cancer post-chemotherapy
Jia-Hui Ma, Xu Wang, Yan Zhang, Chun-Yan Ge
Jia-Hui Ma, Yan Zhang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hai’an People’s Hospital (Hai’an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University), Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
Xu Wang, Department of Endocrinology, Hai’an People’s Hospital (Hai’an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University), Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
Chun-Yan Ge, Department of Nursing, Hai’an People’s Hospital (Hai’an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University), Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China
Author contributions: Ma JH contributed to data collection, and paper writing; Ma JH, Wang X, and Zhang Y contributed to research design and data analysis; Wang X and Zhang Y contributed to funding application, reviewing and editing, communication coordination, ethical review, copyright and licensing, and follow-up; Ge CY contributed as the corresponding author and supervised the study. All authors have read and approve the final manuscript.
Supported by the 2025 Special Clinical Research Fund Project of Nantong University; and the 2024 Hospital-level Scientific Research Project of Hai’an People’s Hospital.
Institutional review board statement: The research was reviewed and approved by The Hai’an City People’s Hospital (approval No. 2025-L025).
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: No other data available.
Corresponding author: Chun-Yan Ge, Chief Nurse, Department of Nursing, Hai’an People’s Hospital (Hai’an Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University), No. 17 Zhongba Middle Road, Nantong 226600, Jiangsu Province, China. m18001468751@163.com
Received: March 27, 2026
Revised: April 22, 2026
Accepted: June 11, 2026
Published online: September 15, 2026
Processing time: 151 Days and 6.5 Hours
Abstract
BACKGROUND

Patients with diabetic nephropathy and gastric cancer often experience severe gastrointestinal reactions after chemotherapy, leading to insufficient nutrient intake and further exacerbating protein and energy consumption and kidney damage. Routine nursing care often focuses on symptom management, lacking targeted intervention to address the overall functional disorders arising from the comorbidity of diabetic nephropathy and gastric cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) nursing care emphasizes a holistic approach and individualized intervention, using a comprehensive approach including medicinal diets, emotional support, and acupressure to regulate organ function, offering a new perspective for improving chemotherapy tolerance and nutritional status in these patients.

AIM

To assess effect of syndrome differentiation nursing on gastrointestinal reactions and nutritional status in diabetic nephropathy with gastric cancer post-chemotherapy.

METHODS

From August 2023 to August 2025, 100 diabetic nephropathy patients with gastric cancer were enrolled and randomly assigned to observation or control group (n = 50 each). Controls received routine chemotherapy nursing and diabetic nephropathy education; the observation group additionally received TCM syndrome differentiation nursing. Gastrointestinal reaction scores, serum nutritional indicators, TCM syndrome scores, and residual renal function parameters were compared pre- and post-nursing.

RESULTS

The observation group had lower nausea and vomiting (0.80 ± 0.08 vs 1.31 ± 0.13), constipation and bloating (0.94 ± 0.10 vs 1.30 ± 0.14), appetite loss (0.85 ± 0.08 vs 1.28 ± 0.11), and TCM syndrome scores (P < 0.01). Nutritional levels: Serum albumin (38.62 ± 5.94 g/L vs 33.64 ± 6.21 g/L), hemoglobin (132.58 ± 21.24 g/L vs 118.52 ± 20.38 g/L), total protein (64.48 ± 6.70 g/L vs 57.76 ± 7.74 g/L), all P < 0.001. Renal function: Serum creatinine (93.28 ± 10.12 μmol/L vs 105.88 ± 11.48 μmol/L), blood urea nitrogen (9.32 ± 1.62 mmol/L vs 11.08 ± 2.16 mmol/L), creatinine clearance rate (111.65 ± 14.30 mL/minute vs 119.96 ± 15.62 mL/minute), all P < 0.01.

CONCLUSION

Syndrome differentiation nursing plus routine care reduces gastrointestinal reactions, improves nutritional status, and protects residual renal function in diabetic nephropathy with gastric cancer post-chemotherapy.

Keywords: Gastric cancer; Diabetic nephropathy; Syndrome differentiation and nursing care; Gastrointestinal reactions; Nutritional status

Core Tip: This study shifts the paradigm of cancer supportive care from symptom-focused management to comorbidity-integrated intervention. By demonstrating that syndrome differentiation nursing simultaneously alleviates chemotherapy toxicity and stabilizes residual renal function in diabetic nephropathy patients with gastric cancer, it provides clinical evidence for the “spleen-kidney co-regulation” theory. The findings advocate for embedding traditional Chinese medicine pattern-based nursing into multidisciplinary co-management of oncology-nephrology complex conditions.

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