Jamil T, Anis K, Rehman A, Iqbal S, Pervaiz S, Irfan Latif M, Hafeez R, Khurshid H, Rafaqat S. Role of hematological parameters in pancreatic cancer: A literature review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(4): 117765 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i4.117765]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Saira Rafaqat, PhD, Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Near Wapda Flats, Jail Road, Jubilee Town, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. saera.rafaqat@gmail.com
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Oncology
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Review
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This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Apr 15, 2026 (publication date) through Apr 11, 2026
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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology
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1948-5204
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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
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Jamil T, Anis K, Rehman A, Iqbal S, Pervaiz S, Irfan Latif M, Hafeez R, Khurshid H, Rafaqat S. Role of hematological parameters in pancreatic cancer: A literature review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2026; 18(4): 117765 [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i4.117765]
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2026; 18(4): 117765 Published online Apr 15, 2026. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v18.i4.117765
Role of hematological parameters in pancreatic cancer: A literature review
Tamoor Jamil, Khowla Anis, Ayesha Rehman, Sadia Iqbal, Sumaira Pervaiz, Muhammad Irfan Latif, Ramsha Hafeez, Huma Khurshid, Saira Rafaqat
Tamoor Jamil, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Kerry, Kerry V92 YA25, Ireland
Khowla Anis, Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Kerry, Kerry V92 YA25, Ireland
Ayesha Rehman, Sadia Iqbal, Sumaira Pervaiz, Ramsha Hafeez, Huma Khurshid, Saira Rafaqat, Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Muhammad Irfan Latif, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Author contributions: Rafaqat S, Hafeez R, Iqbal S, Khurshid H, and Latif MI carried out the study design and data collection; Rafaqat S, Jamil T, Anis K, and Rehman A wrote the manuscript; Rafaqat S gave the editing services for the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Saira Rafaqat, PhD, Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Near Wapda Flats, Jail Road, Jubilee Town, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. saera.rafaqat@gmail.com
Received: December 16, 2025 Revised: December 26, 2025 Accepted: January 26, 2026 Published online: April 15, 2026 Processing time: 114 Days and 3.5 Hours
Abstract
Hematological parameters are important markers that can provide insight into the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). According to the literature, there are many hematological parameters in the pathogenesis of PC. However, this review article only summarized a few parameters, such as red blood cells, red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cells and its types such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, ratios including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, MPV/platelet count ratio, neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio and platelet-to-white blood cell ratio, MPV/platelet ratio in PC. Red cell volume distribution width could be an independent risk factor for PC. For patients with resectable neoadjuvant-treated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, high mean corpuscular volume is an independent unfavourable prognostic factor. Low mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was positively correlated with overall survival in resectable PC, which could be used to predict the prognosis. Platelets have been identified as important participants in cancer, thrombosis, and hemostasis. Usually, thrombosis is caused by pancreatic tumors that speed up platelet aggregation. Extracellular vesicles that platelets produce also facilitate communication within a neoplastic milieu and demonstrate how these interactions propel the progression of diseases. The development and outcome of PC are significantly influenced by neutrophil infiltration. Through a variety of processes, such as angiogenesis, immune suppression, immune evasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, neutrophils aid in the liver metastasis of PC. The primary immunologic alteration in advanced PC is the decrease in blood total lymphocytes. It suggested monocytes as a new prognostic indicator.
Core Tip: Hematological parameters are important markers that can provide insight into the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer (PC). According to the literature, there are many hematological parameters in the pathogenesis of PC. However, this review article only summarized a few parameters, such as red blood cells, red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelets, mean platelet volume, white blood cells and their types, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, and their ratios in PC.
