Published online Aug 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i8.1451
Peer-review started: June 4, 2023
First decision: June 16, 2023
Revised: June 23, 2023
Accepted: July 7, 2023
Article in press: July 7, 2023
Published online: August 15, 2023
Processing time: 66 Days and 22.7 Hours
The incidence of type I gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs) has increased significantly over the past 50 years. Although autoimmune gastritis (AIG) increases the likelihood of developing gNENs, the exact incidence and prevalence of this association remain unclear.
To evaluate the incidence and prevalence of type I gNENs in a cohort of patients with a histological diagnosis of AIG.
Patients with a histological diagnosis of AIG were enrolled between October 2020 and May 2022. Circulating levels of CgA and gastrin were assessed at enrollment. Included patients underwent regular endoscopic follow-up to detect gastric neoplastic lesions, enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia, and the develop
We included 176 patients [142 women (80.7%), median age 64 years, interquartile range (IQR) 53–71 years] diagnosed with AIG between January 1990 and June 2022. At enrollment. One hundred and sixteen patients (65.9%) had ECL hyperplasia, of whom, 29.5% had simple/linear, 30.7% had micronodular, and 5.7% had macronodular type. The median follow-up time was 5 (3–7.5) years. After 1032 person-years, 33 patients developed a total of 50 type I gNENs, with an incidence rate of 0.057 person-years, corresponding to an annual cumulative incidence of 5.7%. Circulating CgA levels did not significantly differ between AIG patients who developed gNENs and those who did not. Conversely, gastrin levels were significantly higher in AIG patients who developed gNENs [median 992 pg/mL IQR = 449–1500 vs 688 pg/mL IQR = 423–1200, P = 0.03]. Calculated gastrin sensitivity and specificity were 90.9% and 1.4%, respectively, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 30% and a calculated area under the gastrin receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC or AUC) of 0.53.
Type I gNENs are a significant complication in AIG. Gastrin’s low diagnostic accuracy prevents it from serving as a marker for early diagnosis. Effective strategies for early detection and treatment are needed.
Core tip: Type I gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (gNENs) in chronic autoimmune gastritis (AIG) are increasingly diagnosed, but no accurate data are available. Noninvasive biomarkers of gNENs in AIG have not yet been identified. According to our results, a non-negligible annual cumulative gNEN incidence of 5.7% was revealed, and among all considered variables, only gastrin proved to have significantly higher median circulating levels in patients who developed gNENs compared to AIG patients without lesions; nevertheless, with low diagnostic accuracy. Further efforts are needed to identify effective strategies for individualizing endoscopic follow-up of AIG patients, to achieve early diagnosis and treat superimposed neuroendocrine lesions.