Application of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric common bile duct stone disease

Table 1 Baseline data of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 62 children, n (%)

Item	Case (s)
Sex (male/female)	24/38
Age (years), median (interquartile range)	8.3 (4.5, 14.0)
Success rate	97 (96.0)
Diagnosis
Common bile duct stones	20 (27.4)
Biliary infection	15 (20.5)
Choledochal cysts	22 (30.1)
Abnormal pancreatobiliary junction	6 (8.2)
Acute/chronic pancreatitis	10 (13.7)
Treatment measures for common bile duct stones
EPBD	18 (25.0)
ENBD	7 (9.7)
ERBD	13 (18.1)
Biliary stone extraction (basket/balloon)	20 (27.8)
Removal of biliary stent	9 (12.5)
EST	5 (6.9)

EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Table 2 Hematological parameters before and after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pediatric patients, mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Parameter	Preoperative	Postoperative	T/Z value	P value
WCC (× 109/L)	6.96 ± 2.01	7.68 ± 2.54	-1.21	0.23
Tbil (μmmol/L)	85.47 ± 26.83	42.15 ± 12.69	9.40	< 0.01
Dbil (μmmol/L)	38.92 (35.14, 45.61)	19.87 (15.42, 23.75)	4.72	< 0.01
AST (U/L)	268.5 (255.3, 275.1)	124.6 (118.9, 130.2)	4.70	< 0.01
ALT (U/L)	310.8 (308.4, 335.2)	172.3 (165.8, 185.6)	5.04	< 0.01
GGT (U/L)	218.6 ± 82.4	100.4 ± 38.5	8.16	< 0.01
AMY (U/L)	90.14 ± 77.40	108.09 ± 100.16	-1.04	0.29

WCC: White cell count; Tbil: Total bilirubin; Dbil: Direct bilirubin; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; AMY: Amylase.