Environmental considerations in hepatitis E virus transmission: Is there a missing link?

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Feb 27, 2026 (publication date) through Feb 12, 2026

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Hepatol. Feb 27, 2026; 18(2): 112467
Published online Feb 27, 2026. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v18.i2.112467

Table 1 Hepatitis E virus genotypes identified by region and animal host[36,38-41,43,45-50]

Genotype	Animal hosts	Countries/regions
HEV 1 and 2	None identified	Africa, Middle-East, Asia
HEV-3	Pig, wild boar, rabbit, deer, mongoose; serology in cattle, goats, sheep, horses, dogs, cats, dolphins	Europe, United States, Asia (China, Japan), Oceania, South (Australia), America, Africa
HEV-4	Pig, wild boar, goat, sheep, cow, deer, bears, zoo birds (crane, pheasant)	China, Japan, France (and some European countries)
HEV-5 and HEV-6	Wild boar	Japan
HEV-7	Camels (plus one human case)	Middle East, China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)
HEV-8	Bactrian camels	China (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)
Avihepevirus	Chicken; infect ducks, geese, rabbits in mixed housing	Australia, United States, Europe, China, Hungary, Taiwan
Rocahepevirus	Rats, ferrets, mink, shrews, bandicoots	Hong Kong
Chirohepevirus	Bats	Various bat-range regions

HEV: Hepatitis E virus.

Citation: Campbell R, Russell C, Izopet J, Nassim K, Sonderup M, Pischke S, Wallace SJ, Madden RG. Environmental considerations in hepatitis E virus transmission: Is there a missing link? World J Hepatol 2026; 18(2): 112467
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v18/i2/112467.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v18.i2.112467