Novel educational video module about alcohol use disorder increases treatment rates and decreases return to alcohol use

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics, n (%)

Characteristic	Patient total (n = 52)
Age
N (missing)	52 (0)
Median (IQR)	45.0 (35.5, 51.5)
Sex
Female	26 (50.0)
Male	26 (50.0)
Ethnicity
African	1 (1.9)
African American	6 (11.5)
Caucasian	31 (59.6)
Hispanic	11 (21.2)
Native American	1 (1.9)
Other	2 (3.8)
Insurance
Medicaid	8 (15.4)
Medicare	12 (23.1)
None	8 (15.4)
Private	19 (36.5)
Self-pay	5 (9.6)
Marital status
Not married	41 (78.8)
Married	11 (21.2)
Liver disease
Alcohol hepatitis	22 (42.3)
Cirrhosis	21 (40.4)
Steatosis	9 (17.3)
MELD-Na
N (missing)	46 (6)
Median (IQR)	15.5 (10.0, 25.0)
Hepatic encephalopathy
No	45 (86.5)
Yes	7 (13.5)
Ascites
No	30 (57.7)
Yes	22 (42.3)
Esophageal varices
No	40 (76.9)
Yes	12 (23.1)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
No	52 (100.0)
Self-reported drinks
N (missing)	52 (0)
Median (IQR)	8.0 (3.0, 22.0)
Ethanol
N (missing)	48 (4)
Median (IQR)	71.0 (0.0, 224.0)
Phosphatidylethanol (pETH)
N (missing)	26 (26)
Median (IQR)	356.5 (51.0, 917.0)
Withdrawal
No	21 (40.4)
Yes	31 (59.6)
Previous pharmacologic treatment
No	38 (73.1)
Yes	14 (26.9)
Acamprosate
No	49 (94.2)
Yes	3 (5.8)
Disulfiram
No	52 (100.0)
Naltrexone
No	42 (80.8)
Yes	10 (19.2)
Vivitrol
No	42 (80.8)
Yes	10 (19.2)
Previous behavioral treatment
No	33 (63.5)
Yes	19 (36.5)
Inpatient treatment
No	44 (84.6)
Yes	8 (15.4)
Outpatient treatment
No	44 (84.6)
Yes	8 (15.4)
Mutual aid
No	37 (71.2)
Yes	15 (28.8)
Behavioral and pharmacologic treatment
No	46 (88.5)
Yes	6 (11.5)
Seen by addiction psychiatry
No	16 (30.8)
Yes	36 (69.2)
Seen by GI
No	17 (32.7)
Yes	35 (67.3)

N (missing): Number of patients (missing patients); IQR: Interquartile range; MELD-Na: Model for end-stage liver disease; pETH: Phosphatidylethanol level; GI: Gastrointestina.

Table 2 Treatment education for alcohol misuse cohort outcomes by treatment type, n (%)

Outcome variable	Treatment group					Total (n = 42)	P value1
	No treatment none (n = 6)	Treatment
		Pharmacologic (n = 21)	Behavioral (n = 31)	Both (n = 17)	Any treatment (n = 36)
30-day follow-up							1.0012
Attempted, unsuccessful	0 (0.0)	2 (9.5)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.7)	2 (4.9)
Successful	6 (100.0)	19 (90.5)	30 (100.0)	17 (100.0)	33 (94.3)	39 (95.1)
Missing	0	0	1	0	1	1
Recall drinks							0.8623
N (missing)	6 (0)	18 (3)	28 (3)	16 (1)	31 (5)	37 (5)
Median (IQR)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)
Ethanol
N (missing)	2 (4)	9 (12)	12 (19)	7 (10)	14 (22)	16 (26)	-
Median (IQR)	103.0 (0.0, 206.0)	0.0 (0.0, 162.0)	0.0 (0.0, 81.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 162.0)	0.0 (0.0, 174.0)	-
Phosphatidylethanol (pETH)
N (missing)	1 (5)	3 (18)	9 (22)	3 (14)	9 (27)	10 (32)	-
Median (IQR)	14.0 (14.0, 14.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 14.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 0.0)	0.0 (0.0, 14.0)	-
Outpatient follow-up visit							0.3712
No	5 (83.3)	10 (50.0)	14 (50.0)	6 (37.5)	18 (54.5)	23 (59.0)
Yes	1 (16.7)	10 (50.0)	14 (50.0)	10 (62.5)	15 (45.5)	16 (41.0)
Missing	0	1	3	1	3	3
30-day readmission							1.0012
No	4 (66.7)	14 (66.7)	21 (67.7)	12 (70.6)	25 (69.4)	29 (69.0)
Yes	2 (33.3)	7 (33.3)	10 (32.3)	5 (29.4)	11 (30.6)	13 (31.0)
30-day mortality							1.0012
No	6 (100.0)	21 (100.0)	29 (93.5)	17 (100.0)	34 (94.4)	40 (95.2)
Yes	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (6.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (5.6)	2 (4.8)
30-day relapse							0.4112
No	5 (83.3)	17 (89.5)	27 (93.1)	16 (94.1)	30 (93.8)	35 (92.1)
Yes	1 (16.7)	2 (10.5)	2 (6.9)	1 (5.9)	2 (6.3)	3 (7.9)
Missing	0	2	2	0	4	4
Found the module helpful							0.3912
No	1 (16.7)	1 (5.3)	2 (6.5)	1 (5.9)	2 (5.9)	3 (7.5)
Yes	5 (83.3)	18 (94.7)	29 (93.5)	16 (94.1)	32 (94.1)	37 (92.5)
Missing	0	2	0	0	2	2
Recommend the module
Yes	6 (100.0)	19 (100.0)	31 (100.0)	17 (100.0)	34 (100.0)	40 (100.0)	-
Missing	0	2	0	0	2	2	-

¹P values are represented as comparisons made between the no treatment group and the any treatment group.

²Fisher exact P value.

³Wilcoxon rank sum P value.

N (missing): Number of patients (missing patients); IQR: Interquartile range; pETH: Phosphatidylethanol level.

Table 3 Treatment rates and disease-related variables before and after the educational video module, n (%)

Treatment	Group		P value
	Pre-intervention (n = 43)	Post-intervention (n = 43)
Pharmacy treatment			0.021
No	31 (72.1)	22 (51.2)
Yes	12 (27.9)	21 (48.8)
Missing	0	0
Acamprosate			0.481
No	40 (93.0)	38 (88.4)
Yes	3 (7.0)	5 (11.6)
Missing	0	0
Disulfiram
No	43 (100)	43 (100)	-
Missing	0	0	-
Naltrexone			0.201
No	34 (79.1)	29 (67.4)
Yes	9 (20.9)	14 (32.6)
Missing	0	0
Vivitrol			0.171
No	34 (79.1)	29 (67.4)
Yes	9 (20.9)	14 (32.6)
Missing	0	0
Behavioral treatment			0.0031
No	27 (62.8)	12 (27.9)
Yes	16 (37.2)	31 (72.1)
Missing	0	0
Inpatient treatment			0.261
No	36 (83.7)	39 (90.7)
Yes	7 (16.3)	4 (9.3)
Missing	0	0
Outpatient treatment			0.00021
No	39 (90.7)	23 (53.5)
Yes	4 (9.3)	20 (46.5)
Missing	0	0
Mutual aid			0.101
No	28 (66.7)	20 (47.6)
Yes	14 (33.3)	22 (52.4)
Missing	1	1
Behavioral and pharmacologictreatment			0.0071
No	37 (88.1)	25 (59.5)
Yes	5 (11.9)	17 (40.5)
Missing	1	1

¹McNemar test P value.