Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with age in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Demographics of subjects

Variables	ALL (n = 437)	Fatty liver (n = 110)	Non-fatty liver (n = 327)	P value
Gender (Male/Female)	269/168	80/30	189/138	0.005
Age (yr)	74.0 ± 13.0	64.7 ± 13.0	77.1 ± 11.0	< 0.001
Height (cm)	159.4 ± 10.2	163.2 ± 10.0	158.2 ± 9.9	< 0.001
Body weight (kg)	61.3 ± 14.5	70.0 ± 16.6	58.5 ± 12.5	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	24.0 ± 4.9	26.0 ± 4.7	23.3 ± 4.7	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	7.0 ± 1.2	7.2 ± 1.2	6.9 ± 1.2	0.066
Blood glucose (mg/dl)	164 ± 80	170 ± 116	161 ± 63	0.297
White blood cells (/μL)	6618 ± 2299	7056 ± 1649	6470 ± 2463	0.021
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.6 ± 2.4	14.2 ± 2.1	12.0 ± 2.2	< 0.001
Platelets (104/μL)	20.7 ± 7.0	20.4 ± 5.5	20.8 ± 7.4	0.615
Prothrombin time (%)	89.6 ± 22.3	89.2 ± 23.6	89.7 ± 22.1	0.895
Albumin (g/dL)	3.7 ± 0.7	3.9 ± 0.6	3.6 ± 0.6	< 0.001
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.76 ± 0.50	0.86 ± 0.49	0.72 ± 0.49	0.015
ALP (U/L)	266 ± 156	247 ± 80	272 ± 176	0.182
AST (U/L)	25.3 ± 22.8	29.0 ± 20.2	23.0 ± 23.4	0.014
ALT (U/L)	23.5 ± 20.8	35.0 ± 27.4	19.0 ± 16.1	< 0.001
GGT (U/L)	46.2 ± 63.1	68.0 ± 74.4	38.0 ± 56.6	< 0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.71 ± 2.10	1.27 ± 1.58	1.85 ± 2.22	0.012
eGFR (mL/min)	52.0 ± 29.2	58.9 ± 21.9	49.6 ± 30.9	0.004
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	181 ± 50	193 ± 64	177 ± 43	0.012
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	53 ± 17	50 ± 15	54 ± 17	0.039
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	160 ± 179	228 ± 299	134 ± 87	< 0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	101 ± 36	111 ± 40	96 ± 33	0.001
FIB-4 index	2.20 ± 1.56	1.84 ± 1.08	2.32 ± 1.67	0.005
Cirrhosis (%)	8 (1.8)	1 (0.9)	7 (2.1)	0.405
Hepatocellular carcinoma (%)	7 (1.6)	1 (0.9)	6 (1.8)	0.504
Cerebrovascular accident (%)	45 (10)	9 (8.2)	36 (11)	0.399
Cardiovasculart disease (%)	137 (31)	29 (26)	108 (33)	0.193
Dyslipidemia (%)	205 (47)	53 (48)	152 (46)	0.758
Hypertension (%)	270 (62)	57 (51)	213 (65)	0.013
Dialysis (%)	45 (10)	3 (2.7)	42 (12)	0.003

Values are expessed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis are conducted using the chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, or Student’s t test. ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanin aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; eGFR: Estimated glomelular filtration rate; HDL cholesterol: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL cholesterol: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; FIB-4 index: Fibrosis-4 index.

Table 2 Multivariate analysis for factors associated with fatty liver

Variables	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P value
Age	0.945	0.922-0.969	< 0.001
Hemoglobin	1.501	1.278-1.764	< 0.001
HDL cholesterol	0.971	0.953-0.989	0.002
Dialysis	0.109	0.014-0.856	0.035

HDL cholesterol: High density lipoprotein cholesterol.