Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2024; 16(8): 1099-1110
Published online Aug 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1099
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Pi*Z allele as important co-factors in the development of liver fibrosis
Ana Isabel Ferreira, Catarina Guimarães, Vitor Macedo Silva, Sofia Xavier, Joana Magalhães, José Cotter
Ana Isabel Ferreira, Vitor Macedo Silva, Sofia Xavier, Joana Magalhães, José Cotter, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães 4835-044, Portugal
Ana Isabel Ferreira, Vitor Macedo Silva, Sofia Xavier, Joana Magalhães, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
Ana Isabel Ferreira, Vitor Macedo Silva, Sofia Xavier, Joana Magalhães, José Cotter, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/3B’s, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
Catarina Guimarães, Department of Pulmonology, Hospital Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Guimarães 4835-044, Portugal
Author contributions: Ferreira AI, Guimarães C, Macedo Silva V, Xavier S, Magalhães J, and Cotter J contributed to the study conception and design; Ferreira AI performed material preparation, data collection and analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was approval by the Institutional Review Board (Approval number 15/2022).
Informed consent statement: All patients gave informed, written consent prior to enrolling.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Data sharing statement: Data supporting this study cannot be made available due to ethical and legal restrictions.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement-checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ana Isabel Ferreira, MD, Medical Assistant, Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira - Guimarães, Rua dos Cutileiros 114, Creixomil, Guimarães 4835-044, Portugal. ai.voferreira@gmail.com
Received: January 10, 2024
Revised: April 27, 2024
Accepted: May 17, 2024
Published online: August 27, 2024
Processing time: 224 Days and 10.2 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: Patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) who have more than 50 years of age and had a diagnosis after 41 years of age are at increased risk of developing liver fibrosis, as well as those who have at least one Pi*Z allele. In patients with AATD, the presence of metabolic risk factors, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia, and regular alcohol consumption, should be closely monitored and controlled, since these are important risk factors for the development of liver fibrosis.