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World J Hepatol. May 27, 2021; 13(5): 533-542
Published online May 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i5.533
Direct, remote and combined ischemic conditioning in liver surgery
Rafał Stankiewicz, Michał Grąt
Rafał Stankiewicz, Michał Grąt, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
Author contributions: Stankiewicz R conceptualized the study, did the literature search, wrote the paper and approved the final version of the article; Grąt M conceptualized the study, did the literature search, critically reviewed the paper and approved the final version of the article.
Supported by National Science Centre, Poland, No. 2019/34/E/NZ5/00433.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Grąt M reports grants from the National Science Centre, Poland during the conduct of the study; Stankiewicz R has none to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Rafał Stankiewicz, MD, PhD, Surgeon, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha Street, Warsaw 02-097, Poland. rstankiewicz0@gmail.com
Received: February 17, 2021
Peer-review started: February 17, 2021
First decision: March 16, 2021
Revised: March 28, 2021
Accepted: May 7, 2021
Article in press: May 7, 2021
Published online: May 27, 2021
Processing time: 92 Days and 5.3 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: The concept of ischemic conditioning seems easy to apply and is an inexpensive method with the potential to protect the liver during hepatic surgery. It covers a wide spectrum of techniques and allows adjustment of the method to the particular patient. Unfortunately, despite promising animal studies in preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury by ischemic conditioning, currently there is a lack of sufficient data on its clinical efficacy in humans.