Published online Sep 27, 2021. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i9.1058
Peer-review started: February 28, 2021
First decision: May 2, 2021
Revised: May 12, 2021
Accepted: July 30, 2021
Article in press: July 30, 2021
Published online: September 27, 2021
Processing time: 205 Days and 10 Hours
The dying liver causes the suffocation of the kidneys, which is a simplified way of describing the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). HRS is characterized by reversible functional renal impairment due to reduced blood supply and glomerular filtration rate, secondary to increased vasodilators. Over the years, HRS has gained much attention and focus among hepatologists and nephrologists. HRS is a diagnosis of exclusion, and in some cases, it carries a poor prognosis. Different classifications have emerged to better understand, diagnose, and promptly treat this condition. This targeted review aims to provide substantial insight into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of HRS, shed light on the various milestones of this condition, and add to our current understanding.
Core Tip: The dying liver causes the suffocation of the kidneys, a simplified way of describing the pathophysiology of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). This targeted review aims to provide substantial insight into the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of HRS, shed the light on the various milestones of this condition, and add to our current understanding.