Updates in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease: Emerging role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Table 1 Effect of treatment with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on serum transforming growth factor beta-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in Parkinson’s disease model

	TGF-β1 (pg/mL)	MCP-1 (pg/mL)
Ovariectomized control	481.5 ± 7.5	88.1 ± 0.9
PD untreated	691.2 ± 8.0a	112.1 ± 1.9a
PD + BM-MSCs	489.7 ± 13.0c	89.6 ± 2.0c

Data are represented as mean ± SE of 8 rats/group.

^aSignificant change at P < 0.05 in comparison with the ovariectomized control group;

^cSignificant change at P < 0.05 in comparison with the untreated PD group. PD: Parkinson’s disease; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; TGF-β1: Transforming growth factor beta-1; MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.

Table 2 Effect of treatment with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor and brain dopamine levels as well as brain tyrosine hydroxylase and nestin genes expression level in Parkinson’s disease model

	BDNF (pg/mL)	DA (μg/g tissue)	Relative expression of TH gene (TH/β-actin)	Relative expression of nestin gene (nestin/β-actin)
Ovariectomized control	3700 ± 26.4	882 ± 20.3	1.19 ± 0.004	1.30 ± 0.004
PD untreated	2905 ± 72.9a	599 ± 9.8a	0.54 ± 0.009a	0.67 ± 0.006a
PD + BM-MSCs	3663 ± 17.8c	874 ± 15.0c	1.18 ± 0.004c	1.29 ± 0.005c

Data are represented as mean ± SE of 8 rats/group.

^aSignificant change at P < 0.05 in comparison with the ovariectomized control group;

^cSignificant change at P < 0.05 in comparison with the untreated PD group. PD: Parkinson’s disease; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells; BDNF: Brain derived neurotrophic factor; DA: Dopamine; TH: Tyrosine hydroxylase.

Table 3 Effect of treatment with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells on brain survivin expression in Parkinson’s disease model

	Survivin (cell number)
Ovariectomized control	288 ± 16.5
PD untreated	271.5 ± 13.9
PD + BM-MSCs	293.2 ± 15.9

Data are represented as mean ± SE of 8 rats/group. PD: Parkinson’s disease; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells.