Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into gonad and adrenal steroidogenic cells

Table 1 Summary of the characteristics of steroidogenic factor-1 and liver receptor homolog-1

Nuclear receptor	Expressing tissues	Function	Phenotypes of knockout mice
SF-1/Ad4BP/NR5A1	Testis, ovary, adrenal,	Steroidogenesis Sex differentiation Energy homeostasis	Adrenal and gonadal agenesis
			Sex reversal in external genitalia
			Impaired expression of pituitary gonadotropins
			Abnormality of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus
LRH-1/NR5A2	Ovary, testis, liver, pancreas, intestine, early embryo	Steroidogenesis Ovulation Bile acid synthesis Glucose metabolism	Embryonic lethal around E6.5-7.5 d

Table 2 Properties of steroidogenic cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells induced by steroidogenic factor-1/liver receptor homolog-1 and cAMP

Cells	Origin	SF-1/LRH-1	Produced	Properties of differentiated cells
KUM9	Mouse	Plasmid	Testosterone	Testicular leydig cells
	Bone marrow
hMSC-TERT-E6/7	Human	Plasmid	Cortisol	Adrenal fasciculata cells
	Bone marrow	Retrovirus	Cortisol
UE7T-13	HumanBone marrow	Retrovirus	Testosterone, cortisol	Fetal adrenal-like cells
UE6E7T-12		Retrovirus	Testosterone, cortisol
UE6E7T-11		Retrovirus	Testosterone, cortisol
UCB408E6E7T-33	Human	Retrovirus	Progesterone cells	Ovarian granulosa-luteal cells
	Umbilical cord blood