Does standalone/combined subchondral bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell injection offer significantly better clinical benefit to intraarticular injection in knee osteoarthritis?

Table 1 Characteristics table of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Study type	Intervention	Control	Sample size (I/C)	Age (I/C)	Sex ratio (M:F, I/C)	KL grade (I/C)	Outcome measures	Follow-up duration
Hernigou et al[19], 2021	France	PCS	BMAC SC	TKR	140/140	75.4 (range 65-90)	53:87	Grade 2-4/grade 2-4	KSS, BML volume, HKA angle	Approximately 15 years
Hernigou et al[17], 2021	France	RCT	BMAC SC	BMAC IA alone	60/60	64 ± 21	25:35/25:35	Grade 1-4/grade 1-4	KSS, MRI	Approximately 15 years
Madrazo-Ibarra et al[18], 2022	India	RCT	BMAC SC	Placebo	25/25	63.2 ± 8.2/66.5 ± 5.3	14:11/12:13	Grade 3 & 4/grade 3 & 4	KOOS, VAS	12 months
Silva et al[16], 2022	Italy	RCT	BMAC SC + IA	BMAC IA alone	43/43	NR	NR	Grade 3 & 4/grade 3 & 4	WOMAC, Tegner, IKDC, EQ-VAS	12 months
Kon et al[15], 2023	France	PCS	BMAC SC	None	30/NIL	56.4 ± 8.1	19:11	Grade 2 & 3/NIL	IKDC, KOOS, WORMS MRI	24 months

I/C: Intervention vs control; M:F: Male to female ratio; KL: Kellgren-Lawrence; PCS: Prospective controlled study; BMAC: Bone marrow aspirate concentrate; SC: Subchondral; TKR: Total knee replacement; KSS: Knee Society Score; BML: Bone marrow lesion; HKA: Hip-Knee-Ankle; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; IA: Intra-articular; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; KOOS: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; VAS: Visual Analog Scale; NR: Not reported; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; IKDC: International Knee Documentation Committee Score; EQ-VAS: EuroQol Visual Analog Scale; WORMS: Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score.