Breast cancer stem cells and circulating tumor cells: Dual drivers of progression and relapse

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.112990

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Dec 26, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 31, 2025

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Dec 26, 2025; 17(12): 112990
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.112990

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Figure 1 Several markers such as CD44, CD133, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and ATP-binding cassette-G2 are commonly expressed by both circulating tumor cells and cancer stem cells. Created in BioRender (https://BioRender.com). EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; CTC: Circulating tumor cell; CSC: Cancer stem cell; ABC-G2: ATP-binding cassette-G2.

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Figure 2 Graphical abstract. Created in BioRender (https://BioRender.com). ABC-G2: ATP-binding cassette-G2.

Citation: Azizi Z, Er Urganci B, Acikbas I. Breast cancer stem cells and circulating tumor cells: Dual drivers of progression and relapse. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 112990
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i12/112990.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.112990