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World J Stem Cells. Jun 26, 2026; 18(6): 120502
Published online Jun 26, 2026. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.120502
Published online Jun 26, 2026. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.120502
Extracellular vesicles in allergic rhinitis: Immune regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic applications
Hao Fang, Jia-Ping Wang, Bing-Bing Li, Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312030, Zhejiang Province, China
Author contributions: Fang H led the drafting of the initial manuscript, design and production of figures, undertook the construction and improvement of the core content of the manuscript, and assumed the main research workload; Wang JP and Li BB participated in the critical revision of the manuscript and assumed the secondary workload; Wang JP assisted in improving the academic content and checking details; Li BB assisted in sorting out the academic logic and optimizing the expression. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Corresponding author: Jia-Ping Wang, Research Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shaoxing University, No. 1 Huayu Road, Keqiao District, Shaoxing 312030, Zhejiang Province, China. w2846a@163.com
Received: February 28, 2026
Revised: March 12, 2026
Accepted: April 8, 2026
Published online: June 26, 2026
Processing time: 117 Days and 18.9 Hours
Revised: March 12, 2026
Accepted: April 8, 2026
Published online: June 26, 2026
Processing time: 117 Days and 18.9 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) exert dual roles in allergic rhinitis, with immune cell-derived EVs exacerbating inflammation and mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs regulating immunity and repairing nasal barriers. EVs act as multi-dimensional allergic rhinitis biomarkers, and mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV-based strategies, including sustained-release delivery and cargo loading, show promising therapeutic potential, despite clinical translation challenges needing resolution.