Extracellular vesicles derived from human amniotic fluid stem cells improve bladder dysfunction in rat model of diabetic atherosclerosis
Ching-Chung Liang, Yi-Hao Lin, Chu-Ya Liang, Aileen Ro, Yung-Hsin Huang, Steven W Shaw
Ching-Chung Liang, Yi-Hao Lin, Aileen Ro, Yung-Hsin Huang, Female Urology Section, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
Ching-Chung Liang, Yi-Hao Lin, Steven W Shaw, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
Chu-Ya Liang, Graduate Institute of Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Steven W Shaw, Division of Obstetrics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
Steven W Shaw, Prenatal Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
Author contributions: Liang CC, Lin YH, and Shaw SW designed the study; Liang CC and Shaw SW were responsible for obtaining funds; Liang CC, Huang YH, and Shaw SW collected tissue samples; Liang CC, Liang CY, and Huang YH contributed new reagents and analytic tools; Lin YH, Liang CY, and Huang YH performed the research; Liang CC, Liang CY, Ro A, and Shaw SW analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript; and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan, No. MOST 109-2314-B-182A-091, No. NSTC 112-2314-B-182A-062, and No. NSTC 113-2314-B-182A-125.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (No. 201902019A3).
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: The present work was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee for the Care and Use of Experimental Animals of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (No. 2019121712).
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Steven W Shaw, MD, PhD, Professor, Division of Obstetrics, Depart
ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 199 Dunhua North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
doctor.obsgyn@gmail.com
Received: September 1, 2025
Revised: October 6, 2025
Accepted: November 26, 2025
Published online: January 26, 2026
Processing time: 143 Days and 21.3 Hours
