Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Stem Cells. Nov 26, 2015; 7(10): 1215-1221
Published online Nov 26, 2015. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i10.1215
Polymeric vs hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds on dental pulp stem cell proliferation and differentiation
Arash Khojasteh, Saeed Reza Motamedian, Maryam Rezai Rad, Mehrnoosh Hasan Shahriari, Nasser Nadjmi
Arash Khojasteh, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839, Iran
Saeed Reza Motamedian, Maryam Rezai Rad, Mehrnoosh Hasan Shahriari, Dental Research Center , Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839, Iran
Nasser Nadjmi, the Team for Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: Human dental pulp stem cells were established from tooth pulp tissues of healthy volunteer donors after obtaining written consent form from patients and a protocol approved by the Dental Committee Research, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: None.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Data sharing statement: None.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Nasser Nadjmi, MD, DDS, PhD, EFOMFS, Director, Professor and Coordinating Program Director, the Team for Cleft and Craniofacial Anomalies, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium. nasser@nadjmi.com
Telephone: +32-32-402611
Received: June 8, 2015
Peer-review started: June 10, 2015
First decision: August 4, 2015
Revised: September 30, 2015
Accepted: October 23, 2015
Article in press: October 27, 2015
Published online: November 26, 2015
Processing time: 172 Days and 4 Hours
Abstract

AIM: To evaluate adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials.

METHODS: hDPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissues of extracted wisdom teeth and established in stem cell growth medium. hDPSCs at passage 3-5 were seeded on four commercially available scaffold biomaterials, SureOss (Allograft), Cerabone (Xenograft), PLLA (Synthetic), and OSTEON II Collagen (Composite), for 7 and 14 d in osteogenic medium. Cell adhesion and morphology to the scaffolds were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cell proliferation and differentiation into osteogenic lineage were evaluated using DNA counting and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, respectively.

RESULTS: All scaffold biomaterials except SureOss (Allograft) supported hDPSC adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. hDPSCs seeded on PLLA (Synthetic) scaffold showed the highest cell proliferation and attachment as indicated with both SEM and DNA counting assay. Evaluating the osteogenic differentiation capability of hDPSCs on different scaffold biomaterials with ALP activity assay showed high level of ALP activity on cells cultured on PLLA (Synthetic) and OSTEON II Collagen (Composite) scaffolds. SEM micrographs also showed that in the presence of Cerabone (Xenograft) and OSTEON II Collagen (Composite) scaffolds, the hDPSCs demonstrated the fibroblastic phenotype with several cytoplasmic extension, while the cells on PLLA scaffold showed the osteoblastic-like morphology, round-like shape.

CONCLUSION: PLLA scaffold supports adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Hence, it may be useful in combination with hDPSCs for cell-based reconstructive therapy.

Keywords: Human dental pulp stem cell; Stem cell; Tissue engineering; PLLA; Bone

Core tip: Recently, the plasticity of postnatal stem cells from dental origin including human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) has been suggested. Their osteogenic potential makes them valuable for craniofacial bone regeneration. hDPSCs can be easily isolated from dental medical wastes, extracted teeth, and expanded ex vivo. Combination of numerous postnatal stem cells and three-dimensional scaffold biomaterials has been used in bone tissue engineering. Selection of an ideal scaffold biomaterial is a challenging part of reconstructive surgeries. Current study aims to evaluate behavior of hDPSCs including adhesion, proliferation, morphology and differentiation on four different scaffold biomaterials. Our finding indicates that PLLA (Synthetic) scaffold supports adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Therefore, it can be useful for the purpose of craniofacial tissue engineering.