Sox2 transcription network acts as a molecular switch to regulate properties of neural stem cells

Abstract

Neural stem cells (NSCs) contribute to ontogeny by producing neurons at the appropriate time and location. Neurogenesis from NSCs is also involved in various biological functions in adults. Thus, NSCs continue to exert their effects throughout the lifespan of the organism. The mechanism regulating the core functional properties of NSCs is governed by intra- and extracellular signals. Among the transcription factors that serve as molecular switches, Sox2 is considered a key factor in NSCs. Sox2 forms a core network with partner factors, thereby functioning as a molecular switch. This review discusses how the network of Sox2 partner and target genes illustrates the molecular characteristics of the mechanism underlying the self-renewal and multipotency of NSCs.

Keywords: Neural stem cells; Self-renewal; Multipotency; Sox2; Transcriptional network

Core tip: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are cells that are capable of both self-renewal and multipotency. In these two processes, the transcription factor Sox2 serves as a switch for the central molecular mechanism. Sox2 forms complexes with its partner factors to perform its transcription-related functions. This partner switching presumably serves as an important key to the intrinsic functions of NSCs. A detailed understanding of these molecular mechanisms will advance our understanding of basic neuroscience and increase the feasibility of employing cell reprogramming technology in regenerative medicine.