Mesenchymal stem cells mediate the temporal modulation of aging-related changes

Abstract

Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-based transplantation are used to improve health conditions and increase life expectancy. These therapies are based on the principle that the decline of cell populations is the main cause of reduced regenerative potential and aging. However, metabolic cycle disorders could result from several mechanisms of intercellular communication and cell senescence transmission, independent of special phenotype development. MSCs are sensitive to external influences; therefore, the accumulation of changes in the surrounding tissues, rather than in the cells themselves, contributes to accelerated aging through several biophysical mechanisms. These systemic physiological mechanisms could partially explain such effects, such as the systemic role of MSCs as drivers of inflammaging, an effect that increases with age. These findings have prompted a reevaluation of the potential of MSC subpopulations as novel, unconventional therapeutic targets.

Keywords: Adverse events; Aging; Cell therapy; Immunosenescence; Mesenchymal stem cells; Rejuvenation; Senescence-associated secretory phenotype; Senescence

Core Tip: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise in regenerative medicine, but their use in elderly patients requires careful consideration. Aging presents unique challenges, such as immunosenescence, an increased risk of cancer, cellular senescence, and vascular complications. These challenges highlight the importance of performing thorough preclinical and clinical studies to assess the safety and effectiveness of MSC therapy. Furthermore, they could lead to a reevaluation of the role of MSC subpopulations as novel, unconventional therapeutic targets.