Skok M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic tool to cure cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13(8): 1072-1083 [PMID: 34567426 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1072]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Maryna Skok, DSc, Academic Fellow, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str., Kyiv 01054, Ukraine. skok@biochem.kiev.ua
Research Domain of This Article
Neurosciences
Article-Type of This Article
Minireviews
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Stem Cells. Aug 26, 2021; 13(8): 1072-1083 Published online Aug 26, 2021. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1072
Mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic tool to cure cognitive impairment caused by neuroinflammation
Maryna Skok
Maryna Skok, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine
Author contributions: Skok M conceptualized the study and wrote and revised the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: There is no conflict of interests.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Maryna Skok, DSc, Academic Fellow, Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Molecular Immunology, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 9 Leontovicha str., Kyiv 01054, Ukraine. skok@biochem.kiev.ua
Received: February 24, 2021 Peer-review started: February 24, 2021 First decision: April 20, 2021 Revised: April 28, 2021 Accepted: July 29, 2021 Article in press: July 29, 2021 Published online: August 26, 2021 Processing time: 176 Days and 16.7 Hours
Abstract
An established contribution of neuroinflammation to multiple brain pathologies has raised the requirement for therapeutic strategies to overcome it in order to prevent age- and disease-dependent cognitive decline. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce multiple growth and neurotrophic factors and seem to evade immune rejection due to low expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Therefore, MSCs are widely used in experiments and clinical trials of regenerative medicine. This review summarizes recent data concerning the optimization of MSC use for therapeutic purposes with the emphasis on the achievements of the last 2 years. Specific attention is paid to extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs and to the role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The reviewed data demonstrate that MSCs have a significant therapeutic potential in treating neuroinflammation-related cognitive disfunctions including age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The novel data demonstrate that maximal therapeutic effect is being achieved when MSCs penetrate the brain and produce their stimulating factors in situ. Consequently, therapeutic application using MSCs should include measures to facilitate their homing to the brain, support the survival in the brain microenvironment, and stimulate the production of neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors. These measures include but are not limited to genetic modification of MSCs and pre-conditioning before transplantation.
Core Tip: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a significant therapeutic potential in treating neuroinflammation-related cognitive disfunctions including age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The review summarizes recent data concerning optimization of MSC use for therapeutic purposes with the emphasis on the achievements of the last 2 years. Specific attention is paid to extracellular vesicles secreted by MSCs and to the role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The main conclusion is that therapeutic application of MSCs should include measures to facilitate their homing to the brain, support the survival in the brain microenvironment and stimulate the production of neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory factors.
