Psychological and hematological factors associated with fatigue in patients with Crohn’s disease receiving pharmacological treatment

Table 1 Association of fatigue with sociodemographic characteristics of Crohn’s disease patients treated at a referral center, n (%)

Variable	Total (n = 100)	With fatigue (n = 77)	No fatigue (n = 23)	P value
Gender				0.086
Male	38 (38.0)	25 (33.0)	13 (56.0)
Female	62 (62.0)	52 (67.0)	10 (44.0)
Marital status				0.638
Single/widowed/divorced	66 (66.0)	52 (67.0)	14 (61.0)
Married	34 (34.0)	25 (33.0)	9 (39.0)
Education				0.722
No education-completed secondary education	20 (20.0)	16 (21.0)	4 (18.0)
Incomplete higher-completed higher education	80 (80.0)	61 (79.0)	19 (82.0)
Occupation				0.389
Signed employment contract/public servant	62 (62.0)	46 (60.0)	16 (69.0)
Self-employed/retired unemployed/student	38 (38.0)	31 (40.0)	7 (31.0)
Family income				0.572
Up to 2 minimum wages	70 (70.0)	55 (70.0)	15 (65.0)
Above 2 minimum wages	30 (30.0)	22 (30.0)	8 (35.0)

Table 2 Comparison of symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia with the presence of fatigue in Crohn’s disease patients treated at a reference center

Variables	OR [Exp(β)]	P value	95%CI
Depression	2.37	0.333	0.41-13.54
Anxiety	3.43	0.158	0.62-19.00
Stress	2.29	0.358	0.39-13.37
Insomnia	2.44	0.146	0.73-8.12

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Association of fatigue with compound psychological/mental symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia) in patients with Crohn’s disease treated at a referral center

Predictor variable	β (coefficient)	OR [Exp(β)]	95%CI	P value
Symptomatic score	0.9538	2.60	1.61-4.83	< 0.001

Logistic regression model (n = 100); OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Association of fatigue with compound psychological/mental symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia) in patients with Crohn’s disease treated at a referral center

Number of symptoms	Estimated logit (βx)	OR (vs score 0)
0	0.000	1.00
1	0.954	2.60
2	1.908	6.74
3	2.861	17.49
4	3.815	45.39

The chance of fatigue increases exponentially with the number of symptoms. Odds ratio by number of psychological symptoms (n = 100). OR: Odds ratio.

Table 5 Association between assessment with leukogram in Crohn’s disease patients treated at a reference center

Parameter	Without fatigue	With fatigue	P value	Cohen’s d	Interpretation
Total leukocytes	6.140	7.052	0.034	-0.39	Increased leukocytes with fatigue
Segmented (%)	48.3	55.2	0.017	-0.53	Increase in segmented with fatigue
Eosinophils (%)	3.83	2.58	0.036	-0.61	Eosinophil reduction with fatigue
Lymphocytes (%)	38.1	32.2	0.019	-0.55	Lymphocyte reduction with fatigue

Table 6 Assessment of fatigue with different laboratory parameters in patients with Crohn’s disease treated at a reference center

Laboratory parameter	Average (no fatigue)	Average (with fatigue)	P value	Cohen’s d
Erythrocytes (million/mm3)	4.7	4.61	0.432	0.23
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.59	13.22	0.199	0.38
Hematocrit (%)	40.29	39.19	0.252	0.32
RDW (%)	13.89	14.13	0.362	0.26
Total leukocytes (thousand/mm3)	6.140	7.052	0.034	0.39
Platelets (million/mm3)	278.12	283.53	0.726	0.07
Transferrin saturation index (%)	23.14	18.76	0.208	0.40
Ferritin (ng/mL)	130.70	144.35	0.742	0.09
Serum iron (μg/dL)	74.88	67.09	0.396	0.27
Vitamin B12 (pg/mL)	426.77	415.76	0.830	0.06
Vitamin B1 (ng/mL)	6.94	6.42	0.436	0.23
Free T4 (ng/dL)	1.13	1.10	0.525	0.18
Ultrasensitive TSH (μIU/mL)	2.16	1.79	0.186	0.39
CRP (mg/dL)	0.60	0.73	0.442	0.22
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hour)	11.06	13.26	0.392	0.27

RDW: Red cell distribution width; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; CRP: C-reactive protein.