Mitochondrial dysfunction as a bridge to pathology in acute pancreatitis: From molecular insights to novel therapeutic strategies

Table 1 Studies about therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in acute pancreatitis

Ref.	Journal	Evidence level	Treatment	Model	Target
Gerasimenko et al[45], 2013	Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A	In vitro	GSK-7975A	Pancreatic acinar cells	Ca2+ channels
Wen et al[81], 2015	Gastroenterology	In vivo	GSK-7975A, CM_128	TLCS-AP in mice, CER-AP in mice, FAEE-AP in mice	ORAI1 channel
Muili et al[82], 2013	J Biol Chem	In vivo	FK506, cyclosporine A, calcineurin inhibitory peptide	TLCS-AP in mice	Ca2+ channels
Farooq et al[83], 2022	Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol	In vivo	Phosphate supplementation	CER-AP in mice	ATP synthesis
Farooq et al[84], 2021	Gastroenterology	In vivo	Phosphate supplementation	Alcohol-induced AP in mice	ATP synthesis
Javed et al[85], 2018	Pancreas	In vivo	TRO40303	FAEE-AP in mice	CypD channels
Tóth et al[88], 2019	J Physiol	In vivo	NIM811	FAEE-AP in mice	MPTP
Márta et al[89], 2017	BMJ Open	Clinical trial1	ATP supplementation	Patients with AP	Energy nutritional support
Hu et al[90], 2023	Adv Sci (Weinh)	In vitro	Hypoxia-treated functional mitochondria	Pancreatic acinar cells	MPTP
Zhang et al[91], 2024	Phytomedicine	In vivo	Rhizoma Alismatis decoction	CER-AP in mice, HFD-AP in mice	Mitophagy
Yuan et al[92], 2021	Oxid Med Cell Longev	In vivo	Vitamin B12	3% NaT induced AP in mice	CBS/SIRT1
Lee et al[57], 2021	Int J Mol Sci	In vivo	Lycopene	Pancreatic acinar cells	ROS
Piplani et al[94], 2019	Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis	In vivo	Simvastatin	CER-AP in mice	Mitophagy
Shen et al[95], 2018	Br J Pharmacol	In vivo	Dihydrodiosgenin	Tauro-induced AP in rats, CER-AP in mice, FAEE-AP in mice	PI3Kγ/Akt
Li et al[96], 2022	Free Radic Res	In vivo	Deoxyarbutin	3.5% NaT induced AP in mice	HtrA2/PGC-1α
Li et al[97], 2024	Int J Mol Sci	In vivo	Isorhamnetin	3.5% NaT induced AP in mice	HtrA2/GSK-3β/PGC-1α
Hoque et al[99], 2011	Gastroenterology	In vivo	TLR9 antagonist	CER-AP in mice	DAMP

¹Registration number: ISRCTN63827758.

TLCS-AP: Taurolithocholate acid sulphate-acute pancreatitis; CER-AP: Cerulein-acute pancreatitis; FAEE-AP: Fthanol and palmitoleic acid-acute pancreatitis; ORAI1: Calcium release-activated calcium modulator; AP: Acute pancreatitis; CypD: Cyclophilin D; MPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore; HFD: High fat diet; NaT: Sodium taurine; CBS: Cystathionine β-synthase; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; PI3Kγ/Akt: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma/protein kinase B; HtrA2/PGC-1α: HtrA serine peptidase 2/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; DAMP: Damage-associated molecular pattern.