Two scopes, one mission: An integrated approach of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound to biliary strictures

Table 1 Etiologies of biliary strictures[21]

	Most common etiologies
Benign	Post-operative or iatrogenic (e.g., after cholecystectomy, liver transplantation)
	Pancreatitis (chronic)
	Primary sclerosing cholangitis
	IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis
	Other: Trauma, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, AIDS cholangiopathy, ischemia, primary biliary cirrhosis, Mirizzi syndrome, medications
Malignant	Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
	Cholangiocarcinoma
	Metastatic tumors (renal cell cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer)
	Other: Gallbladder malignancy, ampulloma, primary duodenal adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma, neuroendocrine tumors

AIDS: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; IgG4: Immunoglobulin G4.