Risk assessment of type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors based on endoscopic and clinical features of autoimmune gastritis

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i41.111449

Advanced Search

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 31, Issue 41

This Article

Academic Content and Language Evaluation of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Number of Hits and Downloads for This Article

Total Article Views (84)

All Articles published online

The chart showing PDF series, HTML series, Figures (1-3) series, Tables (1-4) series.

Item

Count

PDF

HTML

Figures (1-3)

Tables (1-4)

Sum=42

Featured Article

The chart showing Browse series, Download series.

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=34

Publishing Process of This Article

Item

Count

Browse

Download

Sum=1

Nov 7, 2025 (publication date) through Nov 9, 2025

Times Cited of This Article

Times Cited (0)

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Gastroenterology

ISSN

1007-9327

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Gastroenterol. Nov 7, 2025; 31(41): 111449
Published online Nov 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i41.111449

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of autoimmune gastritis patients with or without gastric neuroendocrine tumors, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 303)	Non-gNETs group (n = 187)	gNETs group (n = 116)	P value
Age, years, mean ± SD	58.2 ± 11.7	60.6 ± 11.5	54.3 ± 10.8	< 0.001^b
Sex			0.421
Male	109 (36.0)	64 (34.2)	45 (38.8)
Female	194 (64.0)	123 (65.8)	71 (61.2)
Concomitant diseases
Gastric mucosal neoplasia	10 (3.3)	8 (4.3)	2 (1.7)	0.327
Tumors other than gastric mucosal neoplasia	32 (10.6)	24 (12.8)	8 (6.9)	0.102
Anemia	142 (46.9)	78 (41.7)	64 (55.2)	0.022^a
Autoimmune thyroiditis	88 (40.9)	36 (34)	52 (47.7)	0.04^a
Other autoimmune diseases	21 (7.0)	15 (8.1)	6 (5.2)	0.337
H. pylori				< 0.001^b
Probably uninfected	240 (79.2)	131 (70.1)	109 (94)
Previously infected	44 (14.5)	40 (21.4)	4 (3.4)
Currently infected	12 (4.0)	9 (4.8)	3 (2.6)
No records	7 (2.3)	7 (3.7)	0 (0)
B12 supplement	163 (53.8)	86 (46)	77 (66.4)	0.001^b
Iron supplement	77 (25.4)	43 (23)	34 (29.3)	0.22

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; gNETs: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors.

Full Size Table

Table 2 The endoscopic appearance of autoimmune gastritis patients with or without gastric neuroendocrine tumors, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 303)	Non-gNETs group (n = 187)	gNETs group (n = 116)	P value
Reverse atrophy	298 (98.3)	182 (97.3)	116 (100)	0.161
Sticky adherent dense mucus	106 (35.0)	65 (34.8)	41 (35.3)	0.917
ROM	54 (17.8)	42 (22.5)	12 (10.3)	0.007^b
Types of ROM				0.734
Flat localized	19 (35.2)	14 (33.3)	5 (41.7)
Pseudopolyp-like	12 (22.2)	10 (23.8)	2 (16.7)
Island-shaped	3 (5.6)	3 (7.1)	0 (0)
Extensive	18 (33.3)	14 (33.3)	4 (33.3)
Granular	2 (3.7)	1 (2.4)	1 (8.3)
Findings in antrum				< 0.001^b
Relatively normal	158 (52.1)	93 (49.7)	65 (56)
Patchy redness	62 (20.5)	53 (28.3)	9 (7.8)
Red streak	38 (12.5)	16 (8.6)	22 (19)
Circular wrinkle-like pattern	45 (14.9)	25 (13.4)	20 (17.2)
Hyperplastic polyps	62 (20.5)	51 (27.3)	11 (9.5)	< 0.001^b

^bP < 0.01.

ROM: Remnants of oxyntic mucosa; gNETs: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Comparison of laboratory test indicators between autoimmune gastritis patients with or without gastric neuroendocrine tumors, n (%)/mean ± SD/median (interquartile range)

Variables	Total (n = 303)	Non-gNETs group (n = 187)	gNETs group (n = 116)	P value	Missing
PCA				0.019^a	9 (2.97)
Positive (≥ 1:160)	144 (48.8)	89 (49.7)	55 (47.4)
Weak positive (1:100)	129 (43.7)	71 (39.7)	58 (50)
Negative (< 1:100)	22 (7.5)	19 (10.6)	3 (2.6)
IFAb (AU/mL)				0.572	11 (3.63)
Positive (≥ 1.53)	135 (46.2)	85 (47.5)	50 (44.2)
Weak positive (1.2-1.53)	63 (21.6)	35 (19.6)	28 (24.8)
Negative (< 1.2)	94 (32.2)	59 (33)	35 (31)
Gastrin-17 (pmol/L)	51.3 (6.9, 64.4)	55.3 (40.0, 71.4)	49.8 (35.3, 62.1)	0.257	229 (75.58)
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)				< 0.001^b	22 (7.26)
≤ 133	184 (64.3)	96 (55.8)	88 (77.2)
133-223	41 (14.3)	27 (15.7)	14 (12.3)
> 223	61 (21.3)	49 (28.5)	12 (10.5)
TPOAb or TGAb positive	111 (51.9)	52 (50)	59 (53.6)	0.595	89 (29.37)
Other antibody positive	50 (17.0)	37 (20.6)	13 (11.4)	0.042^a	9 (2.97)
IFAb (AU/mL)	1.3 (1.2, 32.8)	1.3 (1.2, 57.5)	1.3 (1.2, 11.5)	0.257	11 (3.63)
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)	124.0 (80.0, 221.0)	152.0 (83.0, 275.0)	102.0 (79.5, 151.2)	< 0.001^b	22 (7.26)
Ferritin (ng/mL)	23.1 (9.2, 63.4)	30.6 (9.1, 68.8)	19.6 (9.2, 39.6)	0.077	23 (7.59)
WBC (× 10⁹/L)	5.5 ± 1.6	5.7 ± 1.6	5.3 ± 1.4	0.035^a	15 (4.95)
HGB (g/L)	125.1 ± 25.1	122.1 ± 25.9	129.6 ± 23.2	0.012^a	9 (2.97)
MCV (fL)	87.7 ± 10.4	88.3 ± 11.9	86.8 ± 7.6	0.208	13 (4.29)
PLT (× 10⁹/L)	224.3 ± 71.2	228.0 ± 75.2	218.9 ± 64.9	0.292	18 (5.94)
PGI (ng/mL)	5.9 (3.5, 9.6)	7.4 (4.3, 16.3)	4.3 (3.0, 7.0)	< 0.001^b	110 (36.30)
PGI/II	0.8 (0.6, 1.2)	1.1 (0.6, 1.6)	0.7 (0.5, 0.9)	< 0.001^b	112 (36.96)
TSH (μIU/mL)	2.1 (1.3, 3.4)	2.1 (1.5, 3.7)	2.1 (1.3, 3.1)	0.227	86 (28.38)
TPOAb (IU/mL)	26.2 (9.9, 258.0)	20.0 (9.4, 166.0)	53.2 (10.2, 357.8)	0.167	90 (29.70)
TGAb (IU/mL)	24.9 (14.7, 102.8)	23.1 (14.1, 59.7)	25.0 (15.0, 163.2)	0.191	89 (29.37)
HCY (μmol/L)	11.3 (9.1, 15.8)	12.3 (9.1, 17.5)	11.2 (9.1, 14.3)	0.142	149 (49.17)

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

PCA: Parietal cell antibody; IFAb: Intrinsic factor antibody; TPOAb: Thyroid peroxidase antibody; TGAb: Thyroglobulin antibody; WBC: White blood cell; HGB: Hemoglobin; MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; PLT: Platelet count; PGI: Pepsinogen I; PGI/II: Ratio of pepsinogen I to II; TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone; HCY: Homocysteine; gNETs: Gastric neuroendocrine tumors.

Full Size Table

Table 4 Multivariate regression analysis of the associated factors of gastric neuroendocrine tumors in autoimmune gastritis patients

Variables	Crude OR (95%CI)	Crude P value	Adjusted OR (95%CI)	Adjusted P value
Age, years	0.95 (0.93-0.97)	< 0.001	0.95 (0.92-0.97)	< 0.001^b
PGI/II	0.3 (0.17-0.5)	< 0.001	0.45 (0.2-1.01)	0.052
H. pylori infection status
Probably uninfected	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Previously infected	0.12 (0.04-0.35)	< 0.001	0.11 (0.03-0.37)	< 0.001^b
Currently infected	0.23 (0.06-0.79)	0.02	0.24 (0.06-1.01)	0.051
Vitamin B12¹, pmol/L	0.96 (0.94-0.98)	< 0.001	0.97 (0.94-1)	0.02^a
PGI (ng/mL)	0.91 (0.87-0.95)	< 0.001	0.99 (0.93-1.05)	0.737
Hyperplastic polyps	0.28 (0.14-0.56)	< 0.001	0.3 (0.13-0.66)	0.003^b
Findings of antrum
Relatively normal	1 (reference)		1 (reference)
Patchy redness	0.24 (0.11-0.53)	< 0.001	0.39 (0.16-0.95)	0.038^a
Red streak	1.97 (0.96-4.03)	0.065	1.59 (0.69-3.67)	0.275
Circular wrinkle-like pattern	1.14 (0.59-2.23)	0.692	0.99 (0.44-2.23)	0.984

¹Per 10 units increase.

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; PGI: Pepsinogen I; PGI/II: Ratio of pepsinogen I to II; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Full Size Table

Citation: Li YM, Guo WJ, Deng C, Luo J, Shi YF, Zhu D, Wei QL, Zhang MG, Du SY, Tan HY. Risk assessment of type I gastric neuroendocrine tumors based on endoscopic and clinical features of autoimmune gastritis. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(41): 111449
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i41/111449.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i41.111449